• a)   Global Civilizational State and America modernizing the world.
• b)   Commonalities between Asia and the West engendered and self-disciplined global citizens to prepare them for Life survival now and long after Earth has ceased to exist.
• c)   Global crises and existential threat to humanity, all Life on Earth.
• d)   Description of modern day civilization-states.
• e)   Past and modern civilization-states on our planet and government.
• f)   Global crises need a sound Global Civilizational State leadership.
• g)   How and why capitalism has been a failure of our democratic system of governance.
• h)   Democratic socialism plus.
• i)   Morality and ways of doing business within Global Civilizational State.
• j)   Earth governance and Global Ministries.
• k)   Global consumption and sustainability.
• l)   Earth environmental governance can only be achieved successfully within the larger context of sustainable development and Earth management.
• m)   Global Civilizational State strongly opposes environmental, economic, population, and military warfares.

This section is about a cause and effect relationship to the critical global issue of rights in societies worldwide. The subject has been for far too long taboo. The implicit disallowing, forbiding on talking about it based on a cultural sense that it is excessively repulsive or, perhaps, too sacred for ordinary people. Such prohibitions are present in virtually all societies. Today, on this planet Earth of ours, we will express openly what is better for all societies worldwide. Global Community wants to know your ideas, thoughts and deeper understanding so we could all have a consensus about what is best for all Life. The existing condition humanity is going through and all nine (9) critical global issues we are all suffering and possibly the global Life extinction crisis on the horizon, all more reasons for finding solutions. The way things are globally requires a complete new way to think about rights in societies, with no status quo. Ever since the end of World War II, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) has been a global road map for freedom and equality, protecting the rights of every individual, everywhere, and even today it continues to form the basis for international human rights law. The UDHR urges member nations to promote a number of human, civil, economic, and social rights, asserting these rights are part of the “foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world. It aims to recognize, the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family.

Very short summary of the International Bill of Rights

• The right to equality and freedom from discrimination.
• The right to Life, liberty, and personal security.
• Freedom from torture and degrading treatment.
• The right to equality before the law.
• The right to a fair trial.
• The right to privacy.
• Freedom of belief and religion.
• Freedom of opinion.

( see enlargement )


( see enlargement )


Scale and Global Law.




( see enlargement )

Life exists on millions of other planets in the Universe, and our species got to be who we are today through the evolutionary process. Other Lifeforms in the Universe may have evolved to be at least as advanced as our species. Their Guiding Souls may even be more complicated than ours. They may have merged a trillion times more than our Souls. They may have evolved as well. We are all members of Global Community. We all have the duty to protect the rights and welfare of all species and all people. No humans have the right to encroach on the ecological space of other species and other people, or treat them with cruelty and violence. All Life species, humans and cultures, have intrinsic worth. They are subjects, not commodities, not objects of manipulation or ownership. No humans have the right to own other species, other people or the knowledge of other cultures through patents and other intellectual property rights. Defending biological and cultural diversity is a duty of all people. Diversity is an end in itself, a value, a source of richness both material and cultural. All members of Global Community including all humans have the right to food and water, to safe and clean habitat, to security of ecological space. These rights are natural rights, they are birthrights given by the fact of existence on Earth and are best protected through global community rights and global commons. They are not given by states or corporations, nor can they be extinguished by state or corporate action. No state or corporation has the right to erode or undermine these natural rights or enclose the commons that sustain all through privatisation or monopoly control. Life is what allows us all to be who we all are and to have symbiotical relationships between ourselves, and between ourselves and the Soul of Humanity.

All global issues are impacting critically the survival of all Life on our planet, and especially humanity, and have been assessed with respect to the six sections of the Scale of Global Rights and compared to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Section 1 on the Scale has more importance than all other sections below, and so on. This assessment worldwide resolted in nine critical global issues. Ever since 1985, Global Civilizational State has researched all 9 global issues with respect to humanity's survival worldwide.

Global Civilizational State has shown that only the Scale of Global Rights can effectively evaluate the degree of important of those global issues with respect to humanity survival now and future generations. Results have shown that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is no longer serving adequately humanity and its survival. Only the Scale can quide us all toward survival.  It is time now to leave the Universal Declaration of Human Rights behind and reach to our next step of human evolution, that is the approval of a scale of social values, the Scale of Global Rights.

It is important to replace both the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Charters from all nations by the Scale of Global Rights to give more importance, substance, value, gravity, and urgency to human Life, all Life on Earth, and to the protection of the global Life-support systems for this generation and future generations.

There are several distinct paths or tipping points to imminent human extinction. A global critical tipping point that is evident, obvious, clear, is the way society view Nature around us. Capitalism is the system that can only lead us to our annihilation, all Life extinction. This very important tipping point has been the primary cause of all global crises and is due to human activities, our ways of doing business and trade, and to our ways of consuming resources.

Global Civilizational State offers short and long term solutions to the people of all nations to assure the survival of Life on Earth. Both solutions require the acceptance of the Scale of Global Rights as our guide for survival. As a first step, all nations should approve the first three sections on the Scale of Global Rights. The approval would also supersede the political and physical borders of participating member nations. The approval would mean politics and justice without borders only concerning those three sections. In this way, the Scale of Global Rights gives us a sense of direction for future planning and managing of the Earth.

The Scale of Global Rights contains six (6) sections. Section 1 has more importance than all other sections below, and so on.

Concerning sections 1, 2, and 3, it shall be Global Parliament highest priority to guarantee these rights to Member Nations and to have proper legislation and implement and enforce Global Law as it applies.

Section 1.    Ecological rights and the protection of the global Life-support systems

Section 2.    Primordial human rights

• safety and security
•  shelter
• 'clean' energy
• a 'clean' and healthy environment
•  fresh water
•  clean air
• balanced diet
• basic clothing
• employment, health care, and free education for everyone.

Section 3.    The ecological rights, the protection of the global Life-support systems and the primordial human rights of future generations

Concerning Sections 4, 5 and 6, it shall be the aim of Global Parliament to secure these other rights for all global citizens within the federation of all nations, but without immediate guarantee of universal achievement and enforcement. These rights are defined as Directive Principles, obligating Global Parliament to pursue every reasonable means for universal realization and implementation.

Section 4.   Community rights, rights of direct democracy and global voting, the right that the greatest number of people has by virtue of its number (50% plus one) and after voting representatives democratically

Section 5.   Economic rights (business and consumer rights, and their responsibilities and accountabilities) and social rights (civil and political rights)

Section  6.    Cultural rights and religious rights

Ever since 1985, Global Community has researched, compared, and assessed the application oh the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Scale of Global Rights to today's nine (9) global critical issues. As an example, Global Issue 1 was included here.

Table of Contents

• Global Issue 1, sections 1,2,3, and 6 affected: Replacing both the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Charters from all nations by the Scale of Global Rights will give more importance, substance, value, gravity, and urgency to human Life, all Life on Earth, and to the protection of the global Life-support systems for this generation and future generations.

• Global Issue 2, sections 1,2,3, and 5 affected: Human activities are responsible for the greenhouse effect, global warming, and climate change, mostly through our use of fossil fuels, and could be catastrophic, and a tragic end to our present human evolution, without effective mitigation.

• Global Issue 3, sections 1,2,3, and 5 affected: Our ways of doing business and trade are causing the destruction of livelihood worldwide and that of the next generations, endangering all Lifeforms on the planet, putting in great danger all global ecosystems, in short threatening the survival of all Life on our planet. We need a complete turn around of our ways of doing things in business and trade.

• Global Issue 4, sections 1,2,3,4,5, and 6 affected: The need of Evolutionity and Global Civilizational State leadership to educate Peoples for humanity survival, and to emphasize moral virtues and a healthy intellectual development.

• Global Issue 5: sections 1,2,3,4, and 5 affected: Super rich Peoples and corporations became corrupted, greedy, no longer in line with humanity's survival on the planet.

• Global Issue 6: sections 1,2,3,4,5, and 6 affected: Global issues such as poverty, crime, racism, religious and ethnic conflict, terrorism, global warming, climate change, energy scarcity, are further magnified by the widening spread and quickening pace of globalization.

• Global Issue 7: sections 1,2,3,4,5, and 6 affected: There are several major global issues: conflicts and wars, no tolerance and compassion for one another, world overpopulation, human activities destroying and polluting, as population increases the respect and value of a human Life is in decline, insufficient protection and prevention for global health, scarcity of resources and drinking water, poverty, Fauna and Flora species disappearing at a fast rate, global warming and global climate change, global pollution, deforestation, permanent lost of the Earth's genetic heritage, and the destruction of the global Life-support systems and the eco-systems of the planet. Our goal for peace in the world can only be reached by resolving these important global problems. These problems have brought up a planetary state of emergency. Global Civilizational State found evidence that resolving all those global issues is the essential prerequisite for the effectiveness and exercise of all rights recognized for human beings. We need to build global communities for all Life on the planet.

• Global Issue 8: sections 1,2,3,4,5, and 6 affected: The global coronavirus pandemic is the product of a staggering multitude of factors, including the air travel links connecting every corner of the planet so intimately and the failure of government officials to move swiftly enough to sever those links. But underlying all of that is the virus itself. Are we, in fact, facilitating the emergence and spread of deadly pathogens like the Ebola virus, SARS, and the coronavirus through deforestation, haphazard urbanization, and the ongoing warming of the planet? It may be too early to answer such a question unequivocally, but the evidence is growing that this is the case.

• Global Issue 9: sections 1,2,3,4,5, and 6 affected: Issues threatening the health and future of children and of the next generations. Climate change, ecological degradation, migrating populations, conflict, pervasive inequalities, predatory commercial practices, and the rampant spread of Covid-19 threaten the health and future of children in every country. What is even more worrisome and fearful is that children stand on the precipice of a climate crisis. Wealthy countries are threatening the future of all the children in the world through carbon pollution.

So now, as shown in my use of the name "SoulLife" instead of God", my truly belief of the creator of all Life in the Universe is SoulLife. Because we are observing the formation of Life sometimes after the Big Bang started to expand, let us say about 5 billion years ago, and say that Life could not have been formed by mere coincidence or by accident. So the only reasonable explanation for the formation of Life in the Universe is that SoulLife has been the "Guiding Soul", guiding the work. For instance, the conditions for the formation of Life on Earth appeared gradually over the past billion years. The laws of nature can organize matter to build complex biochemical systems that are at the origin of Lifeforms such as a complex human being. The most relevant laws are: biological reproduction, natural selection and mutation. The evolutionary process has been activated from the beginning. And each particle or space-time point, had a 'Guiding Soul'. All biological structures can be explained in terms of those natural laws and the existence of  Guiding Souls. A Soul shows the way in whatever particule or space-time point of the Universe.

A Soul has one very important goal, and it is to show the way toward the formation of Life in the Universe. Souls were guiding the expansion of the Universe and evolution of Life in small ways so as to make it possible for Life to evolve and be conscious of itself and all other lifeforms. All Lifeforms, even plants, can be conscious. This goal is a global common to all Souls. But of course, SoulLife does not make decisions for the species being in symbiosis with. For us human beings as a species, like other species, we all make our own decisions, but SoulLife, in each case, and for each species, shows us the way. SoulLife guides Life towards its own survival but does not make decisions for the lifeform in symbiosis with. As human beings, we may ask ourselves why is humanity often so terribly bad? Is it because SoulLife made bad things happened? No! We, as human beings, make decisions throughout our lives. We are free and responsible of what we do or dont do. SoulLife will only guide all lifeforms the way to survive.

In a cause and effect relationship, one event causes another to happen. The cause is why it happened, and the effect is what happened or is a consequence of the cause. The cause of how humanity has evolved to be such magnificent, and extraordinarily species is well known now. SoulLife is very happy of the work done. But at the same time SoulLife is very worried and concerned about the ways things are at this point of our evolution as a species. We are facing Life extinction in a not so far future. Decisions we make as a species today will decide of our future.

Let us apply a cause and effect relationship between SoulLife and the Universe. Is creation by SoulLife rational? If SoulLife created the Universe, then who created SoulLife ? But SoulLife by definition is the uncreated creator of the Universe, so the question ‘Who created SoulLife ?’ is inconsequential. If the Universe needs a cause, then why doesn’t SoulLife need a cause? And if SoulLife doesn’t need a cause, why should the Universe need a cause? Everything which has a beginning has a cause. The Universe has a beginning. Therefore the Universe has a cause. The Universe requires a cause because it had a beginning. SoulLife , unlike the Universe, had no beginning, so doesn’t need a cause. Since SoulLife , by definition, is the creator of the whole Universe, he is the creator of time. In addition, Einstein’s general relativity, which has much experimental support, shows that time is linked to matter and space. So time itself would have begun along with matter and space. Now, what if we accept that the Universe had a beginning, but not that it needs a cause? But it is self-evident that things that begin have a cause. All science and history would collapse if this law of cause and effect was denied. So would all law enforcement, if the police didn’t think they needed to find a cause for a stabbed body or a burgled house. Also, the Universe cannot have created itself because that would mean that it existed before it came into existence, which is a logical absurdity. SoulLife , as creator of time, is outside of time. Since therefore SoulLife has no beginning in time, SoulLife has always existed, so doesn’t need a cause. If there is no cause, there is no explanation why this particular Universe appeared at a particular time, nor why it was a Universe and not something else. This Universe can’t have any properties to explain its preferential coming into existence, because it wouldn’t have any properties until it actually came into existence.

To avoid a theistic conclusion is to assert that creation in time is incoherent. Since time itself began with the beginning of the Universe, it is meaningless to talk about what happened ‘before’ the Universe began. Causes must precede their effects. So if nothing happened ‘before’ the Universe began, then it is meaningless to discuss the cause of the Universe’s beginning. So this can’t be used to prove creation by SoulLife . Of course, saying that the Bible is wrong because science has proved it so, but if science appears consistent with the Bible, then well, science is tentative anyway. If there is no time before the creation of the Universe then how can SoulLife create the Universe. SoulLife is the eternal being who created and preserves all things. We believe SoulLife to be both transcendent (wholly independent of, and removed from, the material Universe ) and immanent (involved in the world). We believe that teachings of the immanence and involvement of SoulLife and his love for humanity exclude the belief that SoulLife is of the same substance as the created Universe but accept that SoulLife 's divine Nature was hypostatically united to human nature in the person of SoulLife.

It is commonly believed that a Soul comes into existence at the same time as the body and that, as the body grows older, the Soul may be defined as a person's strong, deeply felt thought, action, and emotion, which may or may not be of moral nature, and which may be concerned with language, social customs, religion, and music. But this is not my view.

Why is geothermal lumped with fission and fusion? That is because the heat of the earth is largely a byproduct of natural radioactive decay, which is fission.

Now fusion, fission, geothermal, and antimatter are entropically positive – meaning they are deriving their energy from destruction of order in atoms. Fossil fuels, wood, hydropower, and wind power are entropic eddies – energy from entropic positive sources that has been incidentally and accidentally concentrated and can be harvested. Solar represents degraded order at its lowest form – we are converting one form of energy (visible light) to a lower form (infrared light), harvesting the tiny amount of remaining order in the system.

Strangely, the more entropy already in the energy source, the more order must be placed into our energy harvesting mechanisms!  Let us rank these in how easy it is to harvest energy from the energy source?

• Complete destruction of atoms (antimatter)
• Breakdown of atomic structures (fission and fusion and geothermal power)
• Chemical breakdown of complex molecules (wood, oil, gas, coal)
• The motion of atoms (wind, tides, hydropower)
• Disordered energy (solar)

The list may be hard to understand because fission is difficult to do, while solar is so easy!

 What does it take to turn antimatter into energy?  Nothing – it spontaneously turns into energy in the presence of matter.  It is so destructive that no antimatter remains in our corner of the Universe !  It has all degraded to energy.

Fusion? Hard to do on earth, but look up at the stars – there are trillions of fusion reactors floating around in space. All you need is a great big ball of atoms lighter than lead.  That is it.

Fission? Atoms naturally decay, but to get real energy, you need to collect the right sort of atoms together.  This can and has happened naturally (yes there are natural fission reactors).   Why were old atomic reactors called "atomic piles"?  They were literally piles of uranium atoms! So we have already progressed from doing nothing at all, to getting a big ball of atoms together, to getting just the right kind of atoms together.  Why is nuclear power so expensive?  To protect us from the vast amounts of energy released. What is the primary purpose of out reactor?  To control the energy production rate of the uranium atoms.  If left alone, they would generate too much energy and destroy the reactor.  Why dont we have fusion on earth?  It is an anomaly – we cannot get a big enough ball of atoms together.  If we could, it would happen spontaneously.  So it is expensive to try and replicate those conditions without a giant ball of atoms.

Chemical breakdowns require a bit more finesse – we need to bring just the right atoms together, under the right conditions.  Coal, wood, and oil will not burn without oxygen, and an ignition source, in the right quantities.  Instead of just uranium atoms, we need three kinds of atoms, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Still, the system to harvest the chemical energy is relatively simple.  We just need to combine the right atoms in the right conditions.

Hydropower? Now we need a more complex structure to harvest the energy.  It its simplest form coal can generate energy by creating a big pile and lighting it on fire. In its simplest form, water power requires we construct and maintain a mechanism for extracting the energy (say a water wheel).   The level of order of the extraction system has to increase dramatically because the source of energy is more disordered to begin with.  Wind power is worse than hydropower because air is a gas and is more disordered than water.

Lastly is solar energy.  Solar panels are organized and engineered at the atomic scale.  They are very highly ordered objects designed to harvest the remaining, marginal energy left in sunshine.  Even the simplest solar harvester, a magnifying glass, requires that I refine a very special type of atom (silica), and shape it into a very specific design (a lens).  The energy collection mechanism is highly ordered.  It has to be.

And how does a leaf capture and convert solar energy to chemical energy?  Well, by an exceedingly complex biomolecular design. And even that works at 1% efficiency.

The early Universe was full of particles, including matter, antimatter, gluons, quarks, neutrinos and photons, and was so hot and dense that the quarks and gluons present didn’t form into individual protons and neutrons, but remained in a quark-gluon plasma. During the very early Universe all those particles were all whizzing around at energies billions of times higher than even the LHC can obtain today. There were so many of them all crammed into a volume as small as a soccer ball. Right at the instant of the hot Big Bang, this tiny region with these tremendously energetic particles would grow into our entire observable Universe over the next 13.8 billion years.

Understandably, the Universe, from this hot Big Bang until the present day, underwent a huge amount of growth and evolution, and continues to do so. Clearly, the Universe today is much cooler, larger, more full-of-structure and non-uniform. But we can actually quantify the entropy of the Universe at both times, at the moment of the Big Bang and today, in terms of Boltzmann’s constant, kB

In statistical mechanics, Boltzmann's equation is a probability equation relating the entropy S of an ideal gas to the quantity W, the number of real microstates corresponding to the gas' macrostate

In short, the Boltzmann formula shows the relationship between entropy and the number of ways the atoms or molecules of a thermodynamic system can be arranged.

At the moment of the Big Bang, almost all of the entropy was due to radiation, and the total entropy of the Universe was S = 1053kB. On the other hand, if we calculate the entropy of the Universe today, it’s about a quadrillion times as large: S = 10193kB. While both of these numbers seem large, the former number is most definitely low-entropy compared to the latter: it’s only 0.0000000000001% as large!

If a system has, say, a cold part and a hot part, you can arrange it in fewer ways than if the whole thing is at the same temperature. One of the systems maybe at a lower-entropy than the other one. Photons in the cosmic microwave background have practically the same entropy today as they did when the Universe was first born. This is why people say the Universe expands adiabatically, which means with a constant entropy. While we might look at galaxies, stars, planets, etc., and marvel at how ordered or disordered they appear to be, their entropy is negligible. So what caused that tremendous entropy increase? The reason is the existence of black holes. Black holes are something the Universe wasn’t born with, but has grown to acquire over time. They now dominate the Universe ’s entropy.

If you think about all the particles that go into making a black hole, it’s a tremendous number. Once you fall into a black hole, you inevitably arrive at a singularity. And the number of states is directly proportional to the masses of the particles in the black hole, so the more black holes you form (or the more massive your black holes get), the more entropy you get in the Universe. The Milky Way’s supermassive black hole, alone, has an entropy that’s S = 1098 kB, about a factor of 1,000 more than the entire Universe at the Big Bang. Given the number of galaxies and the masses of black holes in general, the total entropy today has reached a value of S = 10133 kB.

And this is only going to get worse! In the far future, more and more black holes will form, and the large black holes that exist today will continue to grow for about the next 1029 years. If you were to turn the entire Universe into a black hole, we’d reach a maximal entropy of approximately S = 10123 kB, or a factor of 100 quintillion greater than the entropy today. When these black holes decay on even larger timescales, up to around 10160 years, that entropy will remain almost constant, as the blackbody (Hawking) radiation produced by the decaying black holes will have the same number of possible state arrangements as the formerly-existing black hole itself.

Over long enough timescales, black holes shrink and evaporate thanks to Hawking radiation. That’s where information loss occurs, as the radiation no longer contains the information once encoded on the horizon.

So why was the early Universe so low-entropy? Because it didn’t have any black holes. Hawking showed that black holes emit radiation, known today as Hawking radiation, which may continue until they exhaust their energy and evaporate. An entropy of S = 1053 kB is still a tremendously large value, but it’s the entropy of the entire Universe, which is almost exclusively encoded in the leftover radiation (and, to a slightly lesser extent, neutrinos) from the Big Bang. Because the “stuff” we see when we look out at the Universe like stars, galaxies, etc., has a negligible entropy compared to that leftover background, it’s easy to fool ourselves into thinking that entropy changes significantly as structure forms, but that’s merely a coincidence, not the cause.

At minimum, it took tens of millions of years for the Universe to form its very first star, and its very first black hole. Until that happened, the entropy of the Universe, to more than a 99% accuracy, remained unchanged.

If there were no such things as black holes, the entropy of the Universe would have been almost constant for the past 13.8 billion years! That primal state actually had a considerable amount of entropy; it’s just that black holes have so much more, and are so easy to make from a cosmic perspective.

One implication of the second law of thermodynamics is that heat flows spontaneously from a hotter region to a cooler region, but will not flow spontaneously the other way. This applies to anything that flows: it will naturally flow downhill rather than uphill. The second law also predicts the end of the Universe which implies that the Universe will end in a "heat death" in which everything is at the same temperature. This is the ultimate level of disorder; if everything is at the same temperature, no work can be done, and all the energy will end up as the random motion of atoms and molecules.

A measure of the level of disorder of a system is entropy, represented by delta S. Although it's difficult to measure the total entropy of a system, it's generally fairly easy to measure changes in entropy. For a thermodynamic system involved in a heat transfer of size delta Q at a temperature T , a change in entropy can be measured by:

The change in entropy (delta S) is equal to the heat transfer (delta Q) divided by the temperature (T).

delta S = delta Q / T

The second law of thermodynamics states that if a reversible process occurs, there is no net change in entropy. Even if change in entropy is zero, it doesn't mean the entropy of the system is at maximum. If you take an ideal reversible process, the change in Entropy would be zero but the entropy of the system wouldn't be maximum. Maximum Entropy means no macroscopic object: only photons and particles flying around freely. There can be no stars, planets or intelligent Life in maximum entropy state. And, this is where the Universe is heading. Entropy always increases in systems when the degree of freedom are increased (adding particles, adding energy, expanding volume, etc ). Concerning the entropy of the whole Universe and forgetting the expansion of the Universe for the moment, since by definition the Universe contain all the particles, and energy is constant, then the entropy will be constant.

In an irreversible process, entropy always increases, so the change in entropy is positive. So the total entropy of the Universe is continually increasing.

The same thing happens on a much larger scale. The Sun, and every other star, is radiating heat into the Universe. But they can’t do it forever. Eventually the heat will have spread out so much that there won’t be warmer objects and cooler objects. Everything will be the same temperature. The same, very cold, temperature. The vast majority of the Universe is already screaming cold, so the heat death of the Universe is just about burning what fuel there is and mixing the heat so created into the ever-expansive, cold, and unyielding cosmos. Both the burning of fuel (mostly through fusion in stars) and the distribution of heat are processes which increase entropy.

Once everything is the same temperature, the Universe attains a “steady state”. With no energy differences, there’s no reason for anything to change what it’s doing (all forces can be expressed as an energy imbalance or “potential gradient“). Heat death is the point at which the Universe has finally settled down completely (or almost completely), and nothing interesting ever happens again.

Anything with a beginning is wrapped up in a time-space capsule, carries an expiry date. Since, admittedly, the Universe has a beginning, it is also in a time-frame. The ‘Time’ dimension helps conformity. Doubts, if any, can be only on’What then?’ The major religions differ on this, Indian Faith saying that the Universe is cyclical in existence, it lies submerged in a time-frame only to re-emerge to same old form, and for the cycle to repeat endlessly.

If the Universe is finite and has a beginning and end, then there is something else outside the Universe which is infinite and has no beginning and no end and for which entropy is totally stable, with some Universes expanding and others contracting. Unfortunately, our poor little brains can’t interpret things that are not finite.

Entropy is defined mathematically as S = dQ/dt. In our solar system heat is generated everywhere including solar fusion and radiated heat from planets. dQ is therefore always a positive number. This is the reason that in our known Universe, entropy S, is always positive. But in another Universe such as black holes, energy as well as mass are swallowed and the energy Q is converted backed to mass to formed a very densed mass in the core of black hole. In this situation, heat Q becomes a negative value, and entropy S will be a negative value. So it is possible to have a negative entropy if your definition of Universe includes black holes or neutron stars.

If the topology of the Universe is open or flat, or if dark energy is a positive cosmological constant (both of which are consistent with current data), the Universe will continue expanding forever, and a heat death is expected to occur, with the Universe cooling to approach equilibrium at a very low temperature after a very long time period. The idea of heat death stems from the second law of thermodynamics, of which one version states that entropy tends to increase in an isolated system. From this, the hypothesis implies that if the Universe lasts for a sufficient time, it will asymptotically approach a state where all energy is evenly distributed. In other words, according to this hypothesis, there is a tendency in nature to the dissipation (energy transformation) of mechanical energy (motion) into thermal energy; hence, by extrapolation, there exists the view that, in time, the mechanical movement of the Universe will run down as work is converted to heat because of the second law.

The conjecture that all bodies in the Universe cool off, eventually becoming too cold to support Life. All planets have an internal heat and are now at some particular stage of cooling. Jupiter, for instance, is still too hot for Life to arise there for thousands of years, while the Moon is already too cold. The final state, in this view, is described as one of "equilibrium" in which all motion ceases.

The final state of the Universe depend on the assumptions made about its ultimate fate, and these assumptions have varied considerably over the late 20th century and early 21st century. In a hypothesized "open" or "flat" Universe that continues expanding indefinitely, either a heat death or a Big Rip is expected to eventually occur. If the cosmological constant is zero, the Universe will approach absolute zero temperature over a very long timescale. However, if the cosmological constant is positive, as appears to be the case in recent observations, the temperature will asymptote to a non-zero positive value, and the Universe will approach a state of maximum entropy.

If a Big Rip does not happen long before that, the "heat death" situation could be avoided if there is a method or mechanism to regenerate hydrogen atoms from radiation, dark matter, dark energy, zero-point energy, or other sources so that star formation and heat transfer can continue to avoid a gradual running down of the Universe due to the conversion of matter into energy and heavier elements in stellar processes and the absorption of matter by black holes and their subsequent evaporation as Hawking radiation.

From the time of the Big Bang through the present day, matter and dark matter in the Universe are thought to have been concentrated in stars, galaxies, and galaxy clusters, and are presumed to continue to be so well into the future. Therefore, the Universe is not in thermodynamic equilibrium, and objects can do physical work. The decay time for a supermassive black hole of roughly 1 galaxy mass (1011 solar masses) due to Hawking radiation is on the order of 10100 years, so entropy can be produced until at least that time. Some large size black holes in the Universe are predicted to continue to grow up to perhaps 1014 M (the astronomical system of units, formally called the IAU (1976) System of Astronomical. The symbol M ☉ is often used to refer to this unit. The astronomical unit of mass is the solar mass. The solar mass (M ☉), 1.98892×1030 kg, is a standard way to express mass in astronomy, used to describe the masses of other stars and galaxies. It is equal to the mass of the Sun, about 333000 times the mass of the Earth or 1 048 times the mass of Jupiter.) during the collapse of superclusters of galaxies. Even these would evaporate over a timescale of up to 10106 years. After that time, the Universe enters the so-called Dark Era (After all the black holes have evaporated and after all the ordinary matter made of protons has disintegrated, if protons are unstable, the Universe will be nearly empty. Photons, neutrinos, electrons, and positrons will fly from place to place, hardly ever encountering each other. Gravitationally, the Universe will be dominated by dark matter, electrons, and positrons, but no protons.) and is expected to consist chiefly of a dilute gas of photons and leptons. With only very diffuse matter remaining, activity in the Universe will have tailed off dramatically, with extremely low energy levels and extremely long timescales. Speculatively, it is possible that the Universe may enter a second inflationary epoch, or assuming that the current vacuum state is a false vacuum, the vacuum may decay into a lower-energy state.

The entropy of a general gravitational field is still not known because gravitational entropy is difficult to quantify. This analysis considers several possible assumptions that would be needed for estimates and suggests that the observable Universe has more entropy than previously thought. This is because the analysis concludes that supermassive black holes are the largest contributor. It has long been known that gravity is important for keeping the Universe out of thermal equilibrium. Gravitationally bound systems have negative specific heat that is, the velocities of their components increase when energy is removed. Such a system does not evolve toward a homogeneous equilibrium state. Instead it becomes increasingly structured and heterogeneous as it fragments into subsystems.

As previously described, the idea of entropy comes from a principle of thermodynamics dealing with energy. It usually refers to the idea that everything in the Universe eventually moves from order to disorder, and entropy is the measurement of that change. In Friedmann-Robertson-Walker models of the Universe, it can easily be shown that the total entropy density (in comoving coordinates) in photons is conserved. It is very easy to understand why: there are basically no irreversible processes in the Universe, so that the entropy per unit mass must be conserved. Basically, this means that General Relativity (GR) has nothing meaningful to say about entropy: GR-models of the whole Universe could have been built with twice as much, or half as much entropy density than observed, and the models would have been perfectly legitimate. In other words: something, very early in the history of the Universe determines the total entropy content of the Universe, and GR's only task is that of keeping this value a constant.

So this beckons the question: what determined this initial value? Until 1980, the basic answer that could be given was shock waves, which are the most powerful generators of entropy known on cosmological scale.

But since perhaps the late seventies-early eighties, the common answer is that this is a consequence of the fact that very large number of both baryons and antibaryons are produced in the early phases of the Big-Bang, to annihilate later into many photons (among other particles) leaving behind a small left-over which constitutes the present population of baryons in the Universe. While no one can compute with any reliability the entropy per baryon which derives from these processes, they are generally thought to be inescapable, and much more effective than shock waves in producing entropy.

So, while this is still a highly speculative and unsettled chapter of cosmology, it is true that phase transitions provide the greatest hope in explaining this otherwise mysterious number.

When two objects orbiting a centre of mass have lower entropy than when said objects eventually crash into each other and form a new one. So let's say that a typical galaxy spirals around its centre of mass and eventually objects within it will fall into the center thus increasing its entropy. But if the entropy of the Universe was somehow to be constant, then maybe that's why space is expanding? As each galaxy becomes more chaotic while objects are going closer and closer together these galaxies are at the same time becoming more and more spread apart thanks to expansion of space. Also gravity is increasing in intesity when the distance between objects is shorter, so the longer two masses are gravitating, the shorter the distance between them and then the more intensive gravity becomes over time. This might correspond then to the increasing speed of expansion of Universe, as it has to compensate faster to keep entropy constant.

Moreover, the expansion of the Universe contributes into creating more and more microstates. This is almost equivalent to saying that entropy increases. We cannot be sure that the law of entropy applies to the whole Universe (There is debate if the Universe is a closed system or not, if its infinite or finite, etc.) but from what we know the disorder of the Universe is increasing due to this large number of microstates increasing with time, leading to the disorder of the Universe increasing.

Whenever there is a decrease or release of energy, the entropy increases. This means that entropy is also a measurement of how much usable energy there is. The entropy of an isolated system never decreases, because isolated systems spontaneously evolve towards thermodynamic equilibrium, the maximum entropy.

Our Sun, as every other star, radiates heat into the Universe. But they can’t do it forever. Eventually the heat will have spread out so much that there won’t be warmer objects and cooler objects. Everything will be the same temperature. As all of this happens, the entropy of the Universe keeps increasing. Thus, it was speculated that the Universe is fated to a heat death in which all the energy ends up as a homogeneous distribution of thermal energy, so that no more work can be extracted from any source. Thus the expansion leads to the Universe getting colder faster. When this heat death is reached, the Universe will attain a thermodynamic equilibrium and will have maximum entropy (which will essentially be constant).

How long will it take for the Universe to die? The Universe will cease to exist around the same time our sun is slated to die, according to new predictions based on the multiverse theory. Our Universe has existed for 13.8 billion years, and as far as most people are concerned, the Universe should continue to exist for billions of years more. Will the Universe last forever? In a closed Universe, gravity eventually stops the expansion of the Universe, after which it starts to contract until all matter in the Universe collapses to a point, a final singularity termed the "Big Crunch", the opposite of the Big Bang.

Is the Universe open or closed?

Curvature: open or closed. In cosmology, we speak of the Universe as being "open" or "closed", and we are most commonly referring to whether the curvature is negative or positive. A "closed Universe " is necessarily a closed manifold. An "open Universe " can be either a closed or open manifold.

How long until the heat of the Universe dies? This is the timeline of the Universe from Big Bang to Heat Death scenario. The heat death will occur in 10100 years, if protons decay.

Is the Universe ever expanding? The expansion of the Universe is the increase of the distance between two distant parts of the Universe with time. It is an intrinsic expansion whereby the scale of space itself changes. The Universe does not expand "into" anything and does not require space to exist "outside" it. Why is the Universe expanding? The accelerating expansion of the Universe is the observation that the expansion of the Universe is such that the velocity at which a distant galaxy is receding from the observer is continuously increasing with time.

What is pulling the Universe apart? In physical cosmology, the Big Rip is a hypothetical cosmological model concerning the ultimate fate of the Universe, in which the matter of the Universe, from stars and galaxies to atoms and subatomic particles, and even spacetime itself, is progressively torn apart by the expansion of the Universe at a certain time.

Is the energy in the Universe constant? The zero-energy Universe hypothesis proposes that the total amount of energy in the Universe is exactly zero: its amount of positive energy in the form of matter is exactly canceled out by its negative energy in the form of gravity.

What will happen to our Universe in the future? Observations suggest that the expansion of the Universe will continue forever. If so, then a popular theory is that the Universe will cool as it expands, eventually becoming too cold to sustain Life. For this reason, this future scenario once popularly called "heat death" is now known as the Big Chill or Big Freeze.

When observing distant galaxies, we observe they were fleeing outwards. Or to be more precise, all the galaxies are moving away from each other. So up until about 15 years ago, the only answer was momentum. The idea was that the Universe received all the energy it needed for its expansion in the first few moments after the Big Bang.

The Hubble Space Telescope image of the inner regions of the lensing cluster Abell 1689 that is 2.2 billion light years away. Light from distant background galaxies is bent by the concentrated dark matter in the cluster to produce the plethora of arcs and arclets that were in turn used to constrain dark energy. Now it appears that the Universe will not only expand forever, but the speed of its expansion will continue to accelerate faster and faster. So what’s causing this expansion? Currently, we believe it’s mostly momentum left over from the Big Bang, and the force of dark energy will be accelerating this expansion, forever.

The 'heat-death' of the Universe is when the Universe has reached a state of maximum entropy. This happens when all available energy (such as from a hot source) has moved to places of less energy (such as a colder source). Once this has happened, no more work can be extracted from the Universe. The heat death of the Universe, also known as the Big Chill or Big Freeze, is an idea of an ultimate fate of the Universe in which the Universe has evolved to a state of no thermodynamic free energy and therefore can no longer sustain processes that increase entropy. Heat death does not imply any particular absolute temperature; it only requires that temperature differences or other processes may no longer be exploited to perform work. In the language of physics, this is when the Universe reaches thermodynamic equilibrium (maximum entropy). After the heat death of the Universe will anything ever happen again? The spreading out of energy can be described using entropy. When energy is completely and evenly spread out and the temperatures are the same everywhere, then the system is in a “maximal entropy state” and there is no remaining useable energy.

The “heat death of the Universe ” is what you get when you starting talking about the repercussions from ever-increasing entropy and never stop asking “and then what?”. Eventually every form of useable energy gets exhausted; every kind of energy ends up more-or-less evenly distributed and without an imbalance there’s no reason for it to flow anywhere or do work. “Heat death” doesn’t necessarily mean that there’s no heat, just no concentrations of heat.

So now, our expanding Universe will eventually lead to heat death via entropy. Energy levels everywhere are equal. But what drives that expansion? If it were only the laws of motion the centre of the Universe could be identified – the origin point. But as everything is moving away from everything else, that implies that other forces are at work as well. Pressures from stars and the like. But once those are gone, the one active force left in the Universe will start having a greater effect. In a closed Universe, gravity eventually stops the expansion of the Universe, after which it starts to contract until all matter in the Universe collapses to a point, a final singularity termed the "Big Crunch", the opposite of the Big Bang. Gravity! While negligible in the current greater Universe, its very nature is contrary to expansion. Eventually, over a similar timeframe as the Life of the Universe, super gravitational forces will have a greater effect, first on their surroundings, then on each other. This will continue until all that exists once again is at a single point, recreating the conditions of our Big Bang. One implication of the second law of thermodynamics is that heat flows spontaneously from a hotter region to a cooler region, but will not flow spontaneously the other way. This applies to anything that flows: it will naturally flow downhill rather than uphill. The second law also predicts the end of the Universe which implies that the Universe will end in a "heat death" in which everything is at the same temperature. This is the ultimate level of disorder; if everything is at the same temperature, no work can be done, and all the energy will end up as the random motion of atoms and molecules. Gravity would have no energy to use as work and therefore the Universe will be ending. Because the total amount of mass-energy is limited, and the amount of usable energy is decreasing, then the Universe cannot have existed forever, otherwise it would already have exhausted all usable energy and the effect will be the ‘heat death’ of the Universe.

Once all the energy is turned into heat, gravity comes into play, and all the heat is brought back to the center and get more and more intense. Eventually, there is too much and it results in another big bang. Matter is spread out once again and forms into the Universe again. This is a neverending cycle of big bangs. The Universe is pretty much refreshing itsself. In order for us to survive, we must find a way to somehow shield one part of the Universe from this big bang. After the big bang happens again, we will be roaming around in the dark Universe forever. Also, if it is impossible to escape the forces of the Universe and avoid being destroyed in the big bang, we will all die and our whole existence, everything everyone has ever done, erased. This cycle has always been happening, so it is highly likely there was another form of Life as advanced as us in the Universe, and was wiped out by the heat death and then the big bang.

Why is it important for humanity to understand that the observable Universe had a beginning? Why is it important for humanity to understand very clearly the Laws of Thermodynamics, the most fundamental laws of the physical sciences? Why is it important for humanity to understand the working of energy and entropy? Why is it important for humanity to understand that entropy is related not only to the unavailability of energy to do work, it is also a measure of disorder? Why is it important for humanity to understand that the Universe began a finite time ago with a lot of usable energy, and is now running down, that the Universe had a very low entropy at the beginning but now has a very high entropy? Why is it important for humanity to understand that the Universe tends toward increased entropy, that heat transfer from hot to cold, and are related to the tendency in Nature for systems to become disordered and for less energy to be available for use as work? Why is it important for humanity to understand that the process of the evolution of Life does not violates the second law of thermodynamics? Over time, complex organisms on Earth evolved from much simpler ancestors, representing a large decrease in entropy of the Earth’s biosphere. It is a fact that living organisms have evolved to be highly structured, and much lower in entropy than the substances from which they grow. But it is always possible for the entropy of one part of the Universe to decrease, provided the total change in entropy of the Universe increases. So the process of the evolution of Life does not violates the second law of thermodynamics. Energy coming from the Sun can decrease the entropy of local systems on Earth. But the overall entropy of the rest of the Universe increases by a greater amount that is positive and greater in magnitude. Thus the second law of thermodynamics is not violated. Every time a plant stores some solar energy in the form of chemical potential energy, the Earth can be viewed as a heat engine operating between a hot reservoir supplied by the Sun and a cold reservoir supplied by dark outer space, a heat engine of high complexity, causing local decreases in entropy as it uses part of the heat transfer from the Sun into deep space, in our case Earth. There is a large total increase in entropy resulting from this massive heat transfer. A small part of this heat transfer is stored in structured systems on Earth such as Life, producing much smaller local decreases in entropy. Can you understand Life on our planet will gradually be extinct sooner or later? Other planets in the solar system will not be better than what we have here on Earth. Life in planets of other star systems might see us as invading viruses not much different than the way we see the COVID-19 coronavirus. Perhaps we should all take very seriously the need to manage Life on Earth, our livelihood in our own community. Let us all manage the most serious threat to Life on Earth: global warming.

The Western state has developed a different kind of relationship with society. In the Western societies, these virtues were not always incorporated into the ways of doing business because the 1% super rich businesses became corrupted, greedy, no longer in line with humanity's survival on the planet, and more interested in keeping most of the wealth, resources and power for themselves keeping the remaining 99% of the world population in poverty. But today, Global Civilizational State incorporates these virtues and proper behaviors into corporate citizen global ethics.

Global Civilizational State ethics for a business are about how we treat others and a commitment to respect every person humanely and with dignity. For this process to work, global citizens learn to forgive, be patient and compassionate, promote acceptance, open theirs hearts to one another, and practice a culture of solidarity and cooperation. Let go narrow differences between us all for the greater good of humanity and future generations.

Economic and political power must be used as a service to humanity instead of misusing it in ruthless battles for domination. Global Community faith can help to develop a spirit of compassion with those who suffer, with special care for the children, the aged, the poor, the disabled, and the refugees.

The increased interaction among peoples which includes trade, investment, tourism, media, electronic communication, is generating a common world culture. Improvements in transportation and communications technology have indeed made it easier and cheaper to move money, goods, people, knowledge, ideas, and images around the world. By increasing trade globally is unlikely to ease international tensions or promote greater international stability. Economic interdependence fosters peace only when states expect that high trade levels will continue into the foreseeable future, otherwise war is likely to result. Often people define their identity by what they are not. As increased communications, trade, and travel multiply the interactions among civilizations, people increasingly accord greater relevance to their civilizational identity. In an increasingly globalized world characterized by historically exceptional degrees of civilizational, societal, and other modes of interdependence and widespread consciousness, there is an exacerbation of civilizational, societal, and ethnic self-consciousness. The global religious revival, the return of the sacred, is a response to people's perception of the world as a single place, and Global Community.

Environmental problems have contributed to numerous collapses of civilizations in the past. Now, for the first time, a global collapse appears likely and global warming, overpopulation, and overconsumption by the rich, and poor choices of technologies are major drivers; dramatic cultural changes provide the main hope of averting calamity.

Today, for Life survival on our planet, a distinction must be made in the developed countries between necessary and limitless consumption, between socially beneficial and non-beneficial uses of property, between justified and unjustified uses of natural resources, and between a profit-only and a socially beneficial and ecologically oriented market economy. The lives of all Lifeforms and plants on our planet deserve protection, preservation, and care. Global Community disapproves of the limitless exploitation of the natural foundations of Life, the relentless destruction of the biosphere, and the militarization of the space within and above the Earth's atmosphere. Global citizens must live in harmony with Nature on and above the Earth's surface.

What would be the shape and fundamental goals of an expansive anti-capitalist movement against extinction, respect for Nature, and for environmental justice? It would have to commence with open recognition by the developed nations of the long history of ecocide. Such an admission would lead to a consequent recognition of the biodiversity debt owed by the wealthy nations of the global North to the South. Building on the demands articulated by the climate justice movement, the anti-capitalist conservation movement must demand the repayment of this biodiversity debt. 

"Democratic socialism plus" advocates that the control and management of natural resources be under the control of the people. The 1 % super rich people worldwide who thrive within capitalism, must be overthrown. This new way of governing can be achieve through legitimate democratic means by voting in a party that represents this way of governing. "Democratic socialism plus" implies public owership, not private ownership of natural resources.

Yet, the main reason that the whole mess will be curbed is a simple one: infinite growth, whether economic growth or population growth, cannot continue indefinitely. Anyone who believes exponential growth can go on forever in a finite world is either a madman or an economist. Accordingly, one can envision that a crash is coming. In large measure, it's because global environmental, societal, economic, climate change,and the emergence of pathogens tipping points are already on the way and, for those people in the worst locations for the collapse -- the desperation, conflicts and chaos will likely be horrific in scale and ferocity. How could they not be when our governments worldwide and the status quo do not encourage our transitioning to a steady state economy, business based on regionalized commerce and a cooperative inclusive economic arrangement rather than out of control global competition, "democratic socialism plus" rather than capitalism? How can further troubles not come into being when a vicious globalized capitalism system is in existence for which maximal profits, not people and their needs, is always the overriding goal? Despite its desirably from many standpoints, how can an alternative scheme be put in place when it bumps up against the prevailing paradigm and the corporatists -- the powerful über-elites that control the gargantuan transnational companies and our fawning government toadies?

The global economic system of capitalism, is forcing us to work harder to surpass previous consumption and population numbers until we have devoured everything that maintains Life, ending up with a polluted, Lifeless, and scorched planet. Capitalism is the system that can only lead us to our annihilation. Today's economic success of the USA was mainly attained by a work force educated to use fossil fuels in its entire myriad of uses and also by integrated workers in a system of contradicting values using competition as the regulator in a social setting that must also be cooperative to be social. To maintain a general satisfaction in a social system that’s driven and motivate with competition, endless growth is needed, but in a finite system it must end when resources are exhausted. However, we also have a double harmful and negative impact of competition worldwide, especially in America since WW II, that of pollution that impairs Life and the carbon that’s heating the biosphere and acidifying the oceans, they would end Life if the system is maintained to its exhaustion. It’s like been inside a spinning treadmill, the faster a few people run the faster each individual needs to run to stay in position. The wealthy people have successfully blocked any attempts to head off that stampede and are getting the benefits with little effort. To keep up with that momentum, society must take what it can, leaving nothing. Our options within the capitalism system is limited because competition entices and pressures us to keep doing more of everything or suffer the consequences of losing the little power we still have.

This entire system of globalization, production and pollution off-shoring is driven by the profit-maximization logic governing transnational corporations, greased along by an ever-growing number of bilateral and global free trade treaties. Beginning in the late 1980s large multinational corporations, including those headquartered in the US, began a concerted effort to reverse declining profits by establishing cross border production networks (or global value chains). This process knitted together highly segmented economic processes across national borders in ways that allowed these corporations to lower their labor costs as well as reduce their tax and regulatory obligations. Their globalization strategy succeeded; corporate profits soared. It is also no longer helpful to think about international trade in simple nation-state terms. China – having colluded with global capital in turning itself into the ‘factory of the world’ – is bearing the lion’s share of globalization’s brunt. But at least China is getting rich as a result, right? Certainly there is an emerging wealthy (and superwealthy) class within China that is profiting from globalization, but it represents a minuscule fraction of the overall population. The mass of the workers who make up China’s labor and ‘bad-labor’ workforce are not benefiting from the country’s conversion into a TNC workshop: labor’s share of China’s GDP has been steadily falling since the late 1990s. For a high-end electronic product like the iPhone, less than 2% (about US$10) of the sales price goes to Chinese workers involved in its production.

Yet the anti-science, anti-Humanity, neoliberal and effective climate change denialist Trumpist leaderships of the US, Australia and Canada are wilfully committed to unlimited fossil fuel exploitation and huge, terracidal GHG pollution. Indeed former US President Trump and Australian PM Turnbull have decorated their climate criminality with the false, moronic and oxymoronic assertion of “clean coal” – yet “clean coal” is akin to “consensual rape”. The deadly, immoral and unlimited GHG pollution by the US, Australia and Canada invites urgent global retaliation through Boycotts, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) and Green Tariffs.

Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, developed economies have been emitting GHGs which created global warming and today's environmental crisis, and that makes the capitalism system responsible, and we must first change it.

We must reject capitalism biopiracy and imperialist enclosure of the global commons, particularly when they cloak themselves in arguments about preserving biodiversity. Most of all, an anti-capitalism conservation movement must challenge the privatization of the genome as a form of intellectual property, to be turned into an organic factory for the benefit of global elites. Synthetic biology should be regulated. The genomic information of plants, other Life forms, and human beings is the common wealth of the planet, and all efforts to make use of this environmental commons must be framed around principles of equality, solidarity, and environmental and climate justice.

The Life extinction crisis on Earth was caused by an economic system based on capitalism which promotes accumulation by dispossession, and ceaseless growth designed and calculated to encourage a higher yearly GDP that is destroying ecosystems the world over. The global socioeconomic system of capitalism is thus forcing us to work harder to surpass previous GDP consumption and population numbers until we have devoured everything that maintains Life, ending up with a polluted, Lifeless, and scorched planet. This system made it possible for 1% of people in the world, namely Transnational Corporations CEOs, and mostly global corporate America, to have as much wealth as half the world's population, with always the overriding goal for which maximal profits, and not the needs and welfare of future generations.

Developed economies have been emitting most of the greenhouse gases that have caused the global warming of our planet, climate change, rising sea levels, and today's environmental and Life extinction crisis. Unlimited fossil fuel exploitation and production by the developed economies mean a commitment to greenhouse gases pollution. The United States of America has been by far the worst polluter and largely responsible for the crisis in the world today.

Economic growth (measured as Gross Domestic Product) and value are seen as the same. Meanwhile, the actual value generated outside of market capitalism – the “care economy,” social labor, eco-stewardship, digital communities and commons – are mostly ignored or considered merely personal (“values”). Today, we have a dictatorship of one kind of value as delivered by the market system, which determines for everyone how they can live and what they should believe in. 

Hence, with the dollar as world money the US gains an automatic borrowing mechanism giving it global policy autonomy denied other states. Given a current account deficit financed by savings of others in the world, US government spending on global militarization and other priorities can expand without “crowding out” private sector borrowing.

To become great again, the US parlayed the world’s largest national debt, its trade deficit, budget deficit, capital account deficit and savings rate deficit, into a position in the global driver seat through the dollar remaining global hub currency. 

Unemployment in the USA is very low and the economy seems great only because the USA Government is having a 21 trillion dollars debt to create jobs and subsidize its industrial complex, especially its corporate military industry which actually employs more than half of America's population. This 21 trillion dollars is mostly obtained from China and handed over to the USA Federal Reserve to help America create jobs in America.

Naturally, the more the dollar was used in the world, the more America had the power to spend on the military. For the US, paying a bill of 6 trillion dollars (this is the cost of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan) has been effortless, and this constitutes an unparalleled advantage over countries like China and Russia whose military spending in comparison is a fifth and a tenth respectively. 

The United States found itself in the enviable position of being able to print pieces of paper (simply IOU’s) without any gold backing and then exchange them for real goods from other nations.  This economic arrangement has allowed America to achieve an unparalleled strategic advantage over its geopolitical opponents (initially the USSR, now Russia and China), namely, a practically unlimited dollar spending capacity even as it accumulates an astronomical public debt (over 21 trillion dollars). The destabilizing factor for the global economy has been America's ability to accumulate enormous amounts of public debt without having to worry about the consequences or even of any possible mistrust international markets may have for the dollar. Countries simply needed dollars for trade and bought US treasures to diversify their financial assets. 

The primary goal of the developed nations must be to overturn the present expansionary economic system based on capitalism by fostering de-growth and creating steady state societies founded on principles of equality and environmental justice. Most importantly, nations that have benefited from burning fossil fuels must radically cut their carbon emissions in order to stop the climate chaos that endangers the vast majority of current terrestrial forms of Life. What would be the shape and fundamental goals of such an expansive anti-capitalist movement against extinction and for environmental justice? It would have to commence with open recognition by the developed nations, especially the United States of America, of the long history of global ecocide. Such an admission would lead to the consequent recognition of the biodiversity debt owed by the developed nations to humanity.

Consumption in developed and developing countries has risen much faster over the past decades than in the industrialized countries due to their high rate of population growth, fast urban development, increased motorization and industrialization. Global Civilizational State is concerned with the sustainability of current levels and patterns of consumption and with the economic, political, personal, environmental, availability of resources, societal and spiritual impact of excessive, run-away consumption. About 20% of Earth’s population account for 80% of the world's total consumption.

Consumers' rights impinge on the rights of other people living in Global Community. The right to choice is the consumer right that refers to the right to have a range and variety of goods and services at competitive, fair prices and variable, satisfactory quality. In order to assure choice in the developed country markets, governments have implemented trade laws to facilitate cross border transactions and transnational corporations (TNCs) have set up business off shore so they can lessen the cost of the production process. The goods that are available in the developed country markets are provided by slave labour, child labour, sweatshops or in countries that allow the TNCs to forego adhering to pollution or ecological concerns and global rights in pursuit of profit. Labour rights are abused in efforts to earn more profits. This leads to abhorrent working conditions, job insecurity and low living standards (all global rights). Consumers in developed countries have been socialized to want more and more things to consume but have not been socialized to appreciate the impact of their consumption choices on the human rights of other people; that is, they are not being responsible for their decisions.

Responsible consumption within Global Civilizational State means being aware of:

*    global dynamics, the state of the planet, and the differences of other cultures;
*    the impact of consumption and production on the environment;
*   notions of voluntary simplicity and conservation;
*    the consequences of resource management decisions;
*    a sustainable Life style;
*    the impacts of new and different technologies;
*    the impacts of economic development on the integrity of both developed and developing local indigenous communities, infrastructures and natural environments;
*    the impacts on human rights, political stability, societal well-being, cultural sustainability, familial well-being, quality of Life and standards of living of other nations; and
*    the impacts of a decision made by a family living in developed country to consume a particular good on the household subsistence, production and community activity of a family living in a developing country; and be aware if that decision would affect poverty, potable water, food diversity, arable land, security from war, education, communications.

Consumers operate in an impersonal market economy where they make choices unburdened by guilt or social obligations; they just have to be able to pay. But a typical global community consumer see himself/herself as part of a larger whole that is affected by a collectivity of individual consumption decisions and has to question the global integrity of purchasing a product, and will decide not to purchase at all if the integrity is being challenged. Free trade encourages countries to change their economic infrastructures to be in line with the free trade policies of the World Trade Organization(WTO). Many member countries have already prioritised economic growth over social, environmental  and human rights aspects. The WTO, foreign corporations and world business leaders claim that free trade brings sweeping democracy to all. They claim trade globalization is a forerunner of democracy in nations where it is non-existent. Global Civilizational State does not believe that democracy will automatically succeed in a global free market. In fact, free trade is itself a flagrant abuse of democracy.

The global socioeconomic system of capitalism, is forcing us to work harder to surpass previous consumption and population numbers until we have devoured everything that maintains Life, ending up with a polluted, Lifeless, and a scorched planet. Civilisation’s present and ultimate mode, capitalism is the system that can only lead us to our annihilation. This isn’t any individual’s, or any group of people’s fault, it’s the economic system that took form first with the energy of slaves to produce the raw materials that were then manufactured with the energy of fossil fuels. The economic success of that was dishonestly attributed to the capitalist system but it came from the benefit of using slave, which was overwhelm by non-renewable fossil fuels that are burned as renewables. The work force was then educated to use fossil fuels in its entire myriad of uses and also to integrated workers in a system of contradicting values by using competition as the regulator in a social setting that must also be cooperative to be social. To maintain a general satisfaction in a social system that’s driven and motivate with competition, endless growth is needed, but in a finite system it must end when resources are exhausted. However, we also have a double whammy, that of pollution that impairs Life and the carbon that’s heating the biosphere and acidifying the oceans, they would end Life if the system is maintained to its exhaustion. It’s like been inside a spinning treadmill, the faster a few people run the faster each individual needs to run to stay in position. The only ones that can slow and stop that nonsense are the wealthy people, who have successfully blocked any attempts to head off that stampede, so the wealthiest are riding that wave of people and getting the benefits with little effort. To keep up with that momentum, society must take what it can, leaving nothing. Our options within the capitalist system is limited because competition entices and pressures us to keep doing more of everything or suffer the consequences of losing the little power we still have.

Knowing now what is going to be our future, and the future of the next generations, would humanity finally understand the urgent need of governing and managing Earth resources, and our needs for them?  

To solve the climate crisis we must activate immediately, without delay, the following five jobs. Job number one is retiring old coal plants. Job number two is using fossil fuels only for essential services, starting now, today. Job number three make it a law to declare all of our various modes of transport be used only for essential services, from airplanes and cars to buses and cargo ships. Job number four, cut down on consumption of all types by 50%. Job number five, petroleum or crude oil is a nonrenewable source of energy and must be left in the ground and replaced by renewable sources of energy. Again and again, only essential services of a city will be allowed to use fossil fuels. Airports and shipyards all over the world should only be allowed to operate for essential services, and managed under government controls.

A global critical tipping point that is evident, obvious, clear, is the way society view Nature around us, a situation that is bad in two different ways. To maintain a general satisfaction within the capitalist system that is driven and motivated by competition, endless growth is needed, but in a finite system it must end when resources are exhausted. However, we also have a double crisis emanating from this view, pollution that impairs Life and the carbon that is heating the biosphere and acidifying the oceans, all would end Life if the system is maintained to its exhaustion. Capitalism is the system that can only lead us to our annihilation, all Life extinction. Our options is limited because competition entices and pressures us to keep doing more of everything or suffer the consequences of losing the little power we still have. This very important tipping point has been the cause of global crises and is due to human activities, our ways of doing business and trade, and to our ways of consuming resources, and involved well known international organizations and nations such as:

*     G7 and G20 nations,
*     World Trade Organization (WTO),
*     Free Trade Agreement (FTA),
*     North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA),
*     Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA),
*     World Bank,
*    Free trade between Canada and the EU,
*     International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the
*     Military and war industry.

Most of those organizations and nations do have ethics but they dont follow them. Business and trade do have ethics but they dont follow them either. The problem is the capitalist system they have created and the looming of globalization that followed. Today, it has become clear that this culture of waste, mismanagement and corruption cannot reform itself. Infinite growth is not possible.

The assumption of unchecked exponential growth makes no sense. Truly, our world is not governed by democratically elected governments. It is ruled by global financial institutions in the service of financial speculators who exchange trillions of dollars daily in search of instance unearned profits to increase the wealth, and the power, of the richest people on the planet. Consequently, capitalism is causing a situation in which the 1% of the global population accounts for 70% of all emissions, and if we take the top 5% we are talking about the top 90% of emissions. It is above all the carbon intensity of the Lifestyle of the global elite that is taking us all to global warming and climate emergency. As we have seen repeatedly, policy is written by the polluters for the polluters and when the European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme was set up, it was no exception. In the USA, the President of the USA, administration replaced the Obama-era Clean Power Plan with the Affordable Clean Energy rule, which does not cap emissions. As of May 2020, the former Trump administration has rolled back 64 environmental rules and regulations, and an additional 34 rollbacks in progress will significantly increase greenhouse gas emissions over the next decade and lead to Life extinction on Earth. Trying to make the Republican Party of the United States of America understand sciences and statistical data about the COVID-19 coronavirus that is killing Americans by the hundreds of thousands so far, but could reach over a half million dead Americans this winter, is beyond the bounds of possibility, hopeless, impracticable. The 1% controls the mass media for the sole reason of educating Americans within a paradigm of economic productivity and well-being, and of course they have defined "consuming goods and services" as meaning "well-being". Americans live in a cocoon of denial. They have been thought from childhood that they are isolated or protected from harsh, dangerous, or disturbing realities, so why should they be worried about Life extinction on our planet. Joe Biden won the election so why should Republicans deny the fact? To deny that fact is to take refuge in a cocoon, to hide from the truth and to live in an irrational Universe. Humanity’s rapidly growing consumption of materials, water, energy resources, fertile land is causing severe damage for all Life on Earth. The amount of natural resources extracted for the production of goods and services is steadily increasing.

A global critical tipping point that is evident, obvious, clear, is the way society view Nature around us, a situation that is bad in two different ways. To maintain a general satisfaction within the capitalist system that is driven and motivated by competition, endless growth is needed, but in a finite system it must end when resources are exhausted. However, we also have a double crisis emanating from this view, pollution that impairs Life and the greenhouse gases that are heating the biosphere and acidifying the oceans, all would end Life if the system is maintained to its exhaustion.

There are other tipping points with potentially far-reaching consequences: the die-off of the Amazon rain forest, the rapid melting of Greenland and West Antartic ice sheets, and the melting of the Artic ice cap. All are already under way, reducing the survival prospects of flora and fauna in their respective habitats. As these processes gain momentum, entire ecosystems are being obliterated and many species killed off, with drastic consequences for the humans who rely on them.

Global Civilizational State has researched Global Issues with respect to humanity's survival worldwide. Today Humanity is dealing with global issues related to COVID-19 pandemic, the global warming of the planet, globalization, political instability and a social and political regress to irrationality. Each one of those global issues are threatening the survival of Life, especially humanity, on our planet. What is even more worrisome and fearful is that children stand on the precipice of a climate crisis and wealthy countries are threatening the future of all children in the world through the global warming of the planet.

The enormous productive capacities and market forces of the planet have been committed to satisfying human needs and desires with little overall regard to the short-term and long-term future of Life on the planet, or Life in other nations and of future generations. Capitalism is at the core of this unsustainable system.

We need to recognize the failure of fundamental systems, and to abandon the notion that what there is to do is recalibrate the institutions that structure our lives today. We need to realize that the way we thought things would work out truly is gone. The extinction crisis was caused by economic systems based on capitalism which promotes accumulation by dispossession, and ceaseless growth designed and calculated to encourage a higher yearly Gross Domestic Product (GDP) that is destroying ecosystems the world over. As measured by GDP, those economic systems have become addicted to “growth at all costs”. They assume that GDP growth is synonymous with increasing wellbeing and prosperity. However this approach has led to growing inequality, an escalating out-of-control climate crisis, and the depletion of natural and social capital. We must set-up measures to stop speculators from benefiting from the misery of others, by punishing corrupt politicians.

For hundreds of years, the nation states of the West formed a multipolar world within Western civilization. For a long time, Americans have defined themselves, their society, by building up positive links across different cultural groups of the West. America was the land of freedom, equality, opportunity, the future, and a distinct civilization. Democratic societies of the West were led by the United States. During those years, not so much ideologies, but economics and politics were differentiating peoples of different civilizations. Their cultures, their ways of Life, ways of doing things have been their most distinguishing characteristics and which have been defined by religion, language, and ancestry.  

The future of the United States and of the West depend upon Americans reaffirming once more their commitment to Western civilization. When Americans look for their cultural roots, they find them in Europe. As Western countries increasingly interact with increasingly powerful non-Western societies they become more and more aware of their common Western cultural core that binds them together. If North America and Europe renew their moral Life, build on their cultural commonality, and develop close forms of economic and political integration to supplement their security collaboration in NATO, they could generate a renewal of the Euroamerican phase of Western economic affluence and political influence. Meaningful political integration would in some measure counter the relative decline of the West in the world, and revive the power of the West in the eyes of the Peoples of other civilizations.

Planet Earth is humanity's inheritance. The land, water, air, and the wonderful other bounty of natural resources were not human made. Everyone, all Lifeforms, has a common right and ownership to their uses. We must recognize the rightful claim of every person to inherit an equitable portion of Earth's natural bounty. And that explains why the protection of the global Life-support systems is the most important right on the Scale of Global Rights.

The extinction crisis is an environmental issue and a social justice issue, one that is linked to long histories of capitalist domination over specific people, animals, and plants, and natural resources. This crisis, in other words, ought to be a key issue in the fight for climate justice.

Global Community Global Justice Movement has many inter-related components: monetary, social, economic, environmental, democracy, and peace. The Movement never ceased to forge ahead new thinking to benefit all economies and societies worldwide: the true, fair, democratic and efficient solutions to social issues worldwide. It is the duty of democratic government to secure the results the people want from the transparent management of their public affairs.

Free trade entrenches corporate power at the expense of democratically elected officials from local communities, municipal governments, provincial governments, national governments and states. It is a form of "world anti-government" as citizens lose the ability to act in their best interests and find sound solutions to their own problems. Citizens become disconnected with the decision-making process. Their lives are then driven by the desire of making profits. Fear is used to force people to behave with the dollar sign as their god. In such scenario, democratic principles lose meaning and no longer prevail. All that we have worked for over the past decades to build sustainable communities is gone with free trade. The principles of a sustainable development are let go and replaced by the desire of the world business leaders to make larger profits.  

Over its long past history trade has never evolved to require from the trading partners to become completely responsible for their products from beginning to end. But today, Global Civilizational State ethics claims that when you manufacture, produce, farm or create a product, you become responsible and accountable of your product from beginning to end, to the point where it actually becomes a waste; you are also responsible for the proper disposable of the waste.  

Without a fundamental change in our ways the poor will still be poor, and the government will have no money to spend. Capitalism is sacrosanct in our ways, and we believe that it is the best way to achieve growth. It is a sociological phenomenon as much as an economic one. We associate the solution to the environmental impacts of unlimited growth to technological advances, hoping technology will have a way to save us all. But technological solutions will not be sufficient to save the world. Nothing positive can be accomplished in a society in which the entrenched forces of free market capitalism and the disregard for sustainable solutions of dominant institutions are committed to obstructing the change required. The relentless need of people for consumption coupled with the relentless appetite of capitalists for accumulation, is sustaining the planetary crisis, and so the battle for survival is economized and clogged.

The reason why the United States has been able to fuel this global demand for dollars is linked to the need for other countries to own dollars in order to be able to buy oil and other goods. It may seem unbelievable, but practically all countries until a few years ago used US dollars to trade amongst each other, even countries that were anti-American and against US imperialist policies.

This economic arrangement has allowed America to achieve an unparalleled strategic advantage over its geopolitical opponents (initially the USSR, now Russia and China), namely, a practically unlimited dollar spending capacity even as it accumulates an astronomical public debt (over 21 trillion dollars). The destabilizing factor for the global economy has been America's ability to accumulate enormous amounts of public debt without having to worry about the consequences or even of any possible mistrust international markets may have for the dollar. Countries simply needed dollars for trade and bought US treasures to diversify their financial assets.

The question at stake here is whether it is possible to grow the economy and, at the very same time, achieve an absolute reduction in the throughput of energy and materials, that is, to decouple growth from increased material and energy usage. More specifically, in relation to the climate crisis, is it possible to grow the economy and reduce carbon emissions at the same time? Various proponents of degrowth do not deny that it is possible.

In the past, It was showed that energy production and world GDP are highly correlated and, since most of the energy is derived from fossil fuels, this involves increased emissions. Unless the connection between growth of production and growth of emissions can be broken, and to a sufficient extent, there can be no reduction of carbon emissions without an end to growth, indeed without contraction.

It has been widely noted that American consumers have the largest ecological footprint in the world. While not completely absolving individuals, especially those on the upper stages of the socio-economic ladder, for perpetuating this wasteful system, it can be argued that those large ecological footprints are not entirely their own. The combined effects of aggressive marketing, advertising, and planned product obsolescence mean that the American consumer’s oversized footprint is largely a consequence and reflection of the global power of Transnational Corporations (TNCs). In that sense, it is perhaps more accurate to speak of corporate ecological footprints rather than the footprints of nations or individuals.

Globalization has meant the distancing of cause and effect, source and sink, so that the pollution and human exploitation caused in the production and transport of goods has remained invisible and opaque to consumers. The global economy institutionalizes a global ignorance, in which producers and consumers cannot know or care about one another, and in which the histories of all products will be lost. Until now, it seems, corporations’ pollution offshoring was easy enough for Northern policymakers to comfortably ignore. Of course, global warming already showed that simply exporting polluting production to the global South was meaningless as far as the Earth’s atmosphere and climate were concerned. But local air quality was seen as something distinct, so that the smoggy horrors of industrializing China or India were, for places like North America, still at a ‘safe’ distance. No more. Now, in addition to the products that magically appear on Western store shelves absolutely shorn of history and provenance, much of the hitherto distant pollution emitted in their production has also arrived.

The greenhouse effect is the way in which heat is trapped close to the surface of the Earth by “greenhouse gases”, carbon dioxide (CO2) being by far the worst gas ever, but methane and other gases are also continuously and alarmingly added to the mix. Human activities are critically, recklessly, and harmfully adding greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, the air we breath, thus causing the global warming of our planet and, consequently and unquestionably, creating a dangerous change of the climate worldwide. Since WWII, America has been by far the worst polluter of greenhouse gases than any other nations and is continuing relentlessly, unabating and unremitting to be the worst through proxy nations such as China, South Korea, Bangladesh, Saudi Arabia and many other nations where businesses from America have set up offices to manufacture products at cheaper costs.

Over the past century, climate-warming has been caused mostly by human activities. Ice cores drawn from Greenland, Antarctica, and tropical mountain glaciers show that the Earth’s climate responds to changes in greenhouse gas levels. Past evidence can also be found in tree rings, ocean sediments, coral reefs, and layers of sedimentary rocks. Global climate is known to continue to change over this century and beyond. The magnitude of climate change beyond the next few decades depends primarily on the amount of heat-trapping gases emitted globally.

Even if we stopped emitting greenhouse gases today, global warming would continue to happen in the future for at least several more decades if not centuries. That’s because it takes a while for the planet to adjust, and also because carbon dioxide stays in the atmosphere for hundreds of years. In the absence of major action to reduce emissions, global temperature will rise by an average of 6 °C (10.8 °F). A global disaster is already unfolding at the poles of the planet as we observed and shown that the Arctic will be ice-free in the summer within just a few years. Many devastating forest fires will continue to be of common occurrence and intensified, aggravated, and exacerbated by more heat due to global warming.

The U.N. estimates that the so-called ocean economy, which includes employment, marine-based ecosystem services and cultural services, is between $3 to $6 trillion per year. Coastal areas within 100 kilometers (62 miles) of the ocean account for more than 60 percent of the world's total gross national production. For the economies of developing nations, these regions are especially crucial. A big part of that coastal production is food. As the sea gobbles up fertile seaside land and river deltas, feeding the rapidly escalating human population is going to get that much more difficult.

The future of tourism is also a major concern, particularly for small island states, where tourism generally accounts for more than a quarter of GDP. For some islands, that amount may soon have to be wiped off the balance sheet. Just last year, five islands in the Solomon Island archipelago disappeared to the rising sea. But economic losses due to extreme weather and climate change are also a major issue for developed nations; according to preliminary estimates, Hurricane Harvey caused up to $200 billion in damage. People may enjoy the coasts, beaches, surf and sand. But by emitting greenhouse gases at an unsustainable rate, we're losing these cherished ecosystems to the rising seas and superstorms. Perhaps we should give the coasts back to nature. By letting key coastal ecosystems return to their natural states, mangrove forests and other vegetated marine and intertidal habitats can act as bulwarks against the sea level rise and hurricanes.

Like forests, these coastal areas are powerful carbon sinks, safely storing around a quarter of the additional carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels. Crucially, they also help protect communities and wildLife near shores from floods and storm surges.

The power that controls the economy is with the 1% they have the power to stop and change that exploitive, chaotic violent world economy. The 1%, power comes from finance which’s depended on economic growth, and that can’t be jeopardised just to save a few millions poor people around the planet who are already suffering, which’s the present worry for concerned people. Sadly the 1% dominates and controls the information services; it’s the only power that is able to disseminate the needed information to change our self-destructive way of Life to an inclusive positive one. If we can show the 1% that they’re facing a dire situation in a overpopulate world that’s depleted of vital resources, in an unliveable hot and violent climate. They are likely to avoid continuing on that path as wealth can’t have any value in that unendurable social chaotic violence, when the economy goes from sour to putrid and as well the 1% may be an early victim of vengefulness. Without affordable oil we can’t produce the quantity of coal, gas, and pump the vital water that’s also needed to grow our food, it will curtail transporting all that stuff around the world. The difficulty will also be magnified by global warming which will need much more energy to counteract its effects. Global warming alone can kill us all. One must understand that burning that vast store of carbon that nature managed to accumulate in the ground has never happen before, it will also release the carbon from the permafrost and methane hydrates that will produce a colossal positive feedbacks. To sustain Life in those extreme conditions would require more energy but there will be less to share, especially with more people. There’s no certainty of how much time we have to turn the world economy from an exploitative one, to one that functions within nature, as a part of nature before it becomes irretrievable. We desperately need to show the 1% how closes they and we are in producing an unliveable world due to the outcome of capitalist economy. The 1% Life is at stake like everyone, they must not only cooperate to live within nature’s ability, but promote it on a world scale. They are the only ones with the power to do so, and it may be the only way to survive. All living things have to have a survival instinct to be alive; it will save us all if we use it. However, that instinct will only kick in when those multi billionaires realise that their Life is at stake and they can only be saved if they do their best to save everyone. That would mean an unreserved sharing with all people and a qualified one with nature, the sooner we can accomplish that, the easier and satisfying Life will be, for the more cooperative our Life is the more satisfying and secure it must be. In a cooperative based society there would be no advantage to be deceitful; people will then revert to honest relationships. That correlation in societies and also as a part of nature infers that people would see exploiting nature as destructive for us.The reason we are destroying our habitat thus ourselves is due to the competitiveness of civilisation and its intensification under capitalism, that competition is capitalism Lifeblood and now it’s our foe. The more social one is the more cooperative one must be, the less conflict we have, and as well it’s the most efficient way to live, it’s our nature. That means having to share the efforts and the benefits, even of its unfamiliarity for the 1%.

For those of us who are very concerned about the future of our environment, the Paris Agreement is another triumph in the ongoing political skirmishes. We must first change the existing capitalist system, because that is the only way to put an end to ineffective pro-investment policies and to reinvigorate our economies by increasing investments to meet societal needs. And the most important societal need of all is to increase investments to avert further degradation of the environment.

People’s greenhouse gas (GHG) pollution goes into the one common atmosphere and one common ocean of all countries on earth. Each year the world adds 66 billion tonnes CO2-equivalent to its inescapable Carbon Debt that in dollar terms is increasing at $13.2 trillion per year. America that withdrew from the Paris Climate Agreement has 4.4% of the world’s population but contributes a disproportionate $2.7 trillion or 20% of the world’s annual Carbon Debt increase.

Global Civilization vision to saving our species on our planet is very clear, when you do exploration work, develop, manufacture, produce, mine, farm or create a product, you become legally and morally responsible and accountable of your product from beginning to end. This product may be anything and everything from oil & gas, weapons, war products, construction products, transportation and communications products and equipment, to genetically engineered food products. All consumer products! All medical products! All pharmaceutical products! In order words, a person (a person may be an individual, a community, a government, a business, an NGO, or an institution) becomes responsible and accountable for anything and everything you do.

Global Civilizational State must now direct the wealth of the world towards the building of local-to-global economic democracies in order to meet the needs for food, shelter, universal healthcare, education, and employment for all. And these needs are the global commons that have always existed throughout humanity history. They are the primordial human rights on the Scale of Global Rights.

The world is in a global crisis. Unlimited growth assumes unlimited global resources, and this is the reason of the crisis. In order to feed the increasing demands of our consumer based system, society has exploited nature as a great resource for our personal convenience and profit, not as a living ecosystem from which all Life springs. So we have built our economic and development policies assuming either that nature would never fail to provide or that, where it does fail, technology will save the day. Get real, peoples! Technology does not even come close to solving the global problems we are facing today. The world needs to control its own population. We are overcrowding and overdeveloping every space there is available. In the current global crisis almost every country and probably all the industrialized countries have taken steps to stimulate their economies without making a determination as to what level of economic activity is best for the long term survival of Life on Earth. We have observed the worst example ever of this madness from former President Trump who has been elected on a platform of "making America great again" by withdrawing from the Paris Climate Agreement and reducing environmental regulations in his country. Americans should be ashamed of the values they stand for. Destruction and military options are no longer allowed by Global Community. Barbarism is not a solution to humanity survival on our planet. Bullying other nations and following American bloodthirstiness behavior is behind the times, immoral, and showing you are not with it, done for, burnt out, old hat, and a dinosaur. Right! The American civilization is a dinosaur.

Global Civilization has extended the idea of sustainability to be a moral and ethical state as well as an economic and environmental state. We invite everyone and every organization to participate openly without fear. Paticipate in the process of the Global Dialogue. Again today we ask everyone throughout the world to scrutinize all of their values. No exception! You are asked to create new thoughts that will sustain Earth, humanity and all Life. Moral values can be identified across cultures, even if we do not accept a global understanding of principles: values including integrity, trustworthiness, benevolence, justice, and fairness. These values can be resources for finding common ground between believers and nonbelievers, and for conflicts needing of ethics to resolve their problems.

The health of the planet is not what Wall Street is showing us. The reality is that we see more trends such as :

• groundwater contamination,
• high levels of toxicity,
• topsoil loss,
• widening inequality in the world,
• the intensity of the violence and social chaos,
• war over oil and gas,
• extensive and destructive forest fires and weather systems,
• floods, and
• the desperation that so many feel at every level of society.

Is this a sustainable system? We need to recognize the failure of fundamental systems, and to abandon the notion that what there is to do is recalibrate the institutions that structure our lives today. We need to realize that the way we thought things would work out truly is gone. Capitalism is at the core of this unsustainable system. It gives rise to the high-energy/mass-consumption configuration of privileged societies. We must set-up measures to stop speculators from benefiting from the misery of others, by punishing corrupt politicians, and by collectively understanding that bankers are rich because we have placed our money in their hands. Ultimately, unless we begin to see the world as a whole, in which things are truly interconnected, our governments will continue their hostilities, oil resources will keep on decreasing, and when the time comes for us to complain, we will be faced with the guns of the police whom we have helped to create with the payment of our taxes.

It's time for us to come to terms with reality. We are polluting the natural environment faster than the environment can regenerate itself to reach the level suitable for human needs. We are changing the global climate dangerously. Our attitude and way of Life show a moral degradation toward the existing forms of Life on the planet. It's time for us to protect what is left to protect: Life itself on Earth. This was the reason for the creation of a planetary biodiversity zone. Global Civilization has shown the benefits of biodiversity to humanity and hope this approach will motivate others to help create the zone.

Global Civilization promotes the formation of several global ministries for the proper governance of Earth.
Over the past decades, Global Civilization has been promoting the formation of several global ministries for the proper governance of Earth. Global ministries are world wide organizations just like the World Trade Organization (WTO) for trade and therefore should have the power to rule on cases as that of the WTO.

Humanity sees the need to manage world affairs in several aspects of our lives. Today, earquakes, cyclones and other natural disasters, as well as human made global destruction and disasters, require a rapid and efficient response from the world to help those in needs. All of this can be effectively accomplished when the organizational structure of the government of each nation-state includes a Ministry of Global Peace in government and a Global Ministry of Essential Services. We can all co-operate together better this way when all people are prepared and able to do so. There is a need to manage the entire process of using Earth natural resources resources. Because of the limited quantities of Earth resources to be made available for this generation and the next ones, and because of environmental, climate change, and world population concerns, there is a need to manage the entire process of using Earth natural resources. And we all know that the amount of oil left in the ground in the world has already passed its peak quantity. So why waste the oil on doing things we know are nothing but a waste of energy and often used for destruction and certainly will shorten the Life span of the next generations. A Ministry of Global Resources is needed to look after the management of Earth resources at all stages: exploration, production, transportation, manufacturing and distribution.

There is a multitude of diverse Earth resources being taken from the ground and water, carried away for processing, manufacturing, packaging, or used by consumers. More people and higher incomes worldwide are multiplying humanity's impacts on the environment and on the natural resources that are essential to Life. The planet's fresh water, fisheries, forests and atmosphere are already strained to their safe limits for global survival. Based on these trends, it is clear that the 21st century will witness even greater pressures on natural resources. Young people increasingly want to wait to have children and to have smaller families. Policymakers have a choice. They can do nothing, or they can help ensure that in the 21st century the world's population peaks with fewer than 8 billion people, simply by committing the financial resources and promoting the new thinking here that will meet the needs of couples who want to have smaller families later in Life.

For instance, the existing and future uses of water are constantly challenged; balancing supply and demand are made even harder by the amounts of pollution found in the air, land and waters. A large part of our body is made of water, and we cannot live without water; therefore water is a primordial human right by our very nature. In order to avoid conflicts and wars over drinking (fresh)water, fresh water has been categorized as a primordial human right. Industrial pollution plays a major role in the deterioration of nature but this time the level of pollution is above the carrying capacity of a healthy ecosystem. Pollution also affects significantly human health and all Lifeforms on Earth. Every person needs Oxygen to live so clean air is certainly also a primordial human right by our very nature.

• Summary.
• The Greenhouse Effect.
• Animation for Part II: Global Warming
  
  Global warming.
  
  

  Videos concerning global warming, business and trade agreements.

  • Sharing the world's natural resources.
  • Today, all global trade practices are obsolete and primitive.
  • Formation of the Global Trade and Resources Ministry.
  • Global Ministries for the critical management of all essential global commons.

• Climate change.
• Ozone hole.
• Impacts of global climate change.
• Conclusion.

A legally imposed contraction of the fossil energy supply and a rapid global conversion to renewable energy is a necessary step toward saving our world, Earth. So what should society do to avoid the worst impacts of climate change? Capitalism is based on ceaseless compound growth that is destroying ecosystems the world over, the goal in the rich nations of the global North must be to overturn our present expansionary system by fostering de-growth. Most importantly, nations that have benefited from burning fossil fuels must radically cut their carbon emissions in order to stem the lurch towards runaway climate chaos that endangers the vast majority of current terrestrial forms of Life.

It's time for us to come to terms with reality. We need ways of organizing ourselves to help us live in a world with less energy and fewer material goods. We need to recover a deep sense of community that has disappeared from many of our lives. The world is in global crisis and a planetary state of emergency. We are exploiting our natural resources, minerals and fuels faster than we are gaining access to alternative sources. We are polluting the natural environment faster than the environment can regenerate itself to reach the level suitable for human needs. We are changing the global climate dangerously. Our attitude and way of Life show a moral degradation toward the existing forms of Life on the planet. It's time for us to protect what is left to protect: Life itself on Earth. This was the reason for the creation of a planetary biodiversity zone. Global Civilizational State has shown the benefits of biodiversity to humanity and hope this approach will motivate others to help create the zone.

Several important causes of global warming, climate change, and the Life extinction crisis on Earth, have given rise of an existential threat to humanity and much of Nature.

Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, developed economies have been emitting greenhouse gases (GHGs) which created global warming and today's environmental crisis, and that makes the capitalism system responsible, and we must first change it. By far, the nation that started, and still is pursuing the largest production of GHGs ever since WWII, is America. And America is largely responsible for the global warming of the planet and, therefore, the increase in the Earth’s surface temperature, the rising of sea level, climate change, and many other worldwide disasters. Unlimited fossil fuel exploitation means a commitment to GHG pollution over 16 times greater than the world’s present remaining Terminal Carbon Pollution Budget that must not be exceeded if we are to have a 75% chance of avoiding a catastrophic 2C temperature rise. America is to be blamed for the extinction crisis, and should pay.

The Life extinction crisis on Earth is an environmental issue and also a social justice issue, one that is linked to long histories of capitalist domination over people, other Life forms, and plants. The extinction crisis needs to be seen as a key element in contemporary struggles against accumulation by dispossession. This crisis, in other words, ought to be a key issue in the fight for climate justice. The 1% people have as much wealth as half the world's population, and are controlling all economies on the planet. They stand behind an economic system based on capitalism that has institutionalized a global ignorance, in which producers and consumers cannot know or care about one another, and in which the histories of all products will be lost. It is now increasingly evident that only by sharing the world's natural resources more equitably and sustainably will we be able to address both the ecological and social crisis we face as Global Civilizational State .

Today, economic growth (measured as Gross Domestic Product) and value are seen as the same. Meanwhile, the actual value generated outside of market capitalism – the “care economy,” social labor, eco-stewardship, digital communities and protection of the global commons – are mostly ignored or considered as merely personal “values”. Today, we have a dictatorship of one kind of value as delivered by the market system, which determines for everyone how they can live and what they should believe in. And by far, the worst nation using this destructive capitalism economic system are the USA.

We need to recognize the failure of fundamental systems, and to abandon the notion that what there is to do is recalibrate the institutions that structure our lives today. We need to realize that the way we thought things would work out truly is gone. Capitalism is at the core of this unsustainable system. It gives rise to the high-energy/mass-consumption configuration of privileged societies. We must set-up measures to stop speculators from benefiting from the misery of others, by punishing corrupt politicians, and by collectively understanding that bankers are rich because we have placed our money in their hands. Ultimately, unless we begin to see the world as a whole, in which things are truly interconnected, our governments will continue their hostilities, oil resources will keep on decreasing, and when the time comes for us to complain, we will be faced with the guns of the police whom we have helped to create with the payment of our taxes.

Global Community proposes that all nations should have the same level of emissions per person (convergence) while contracting them to a level that is sustainable (contraction). A country such as the United States, which has only 5% of the global population, would be allowed no more than 5% of globally sustainable emissions. Such a move would represent a dramatic anti-imperialist shift since the US is at present responsible for 25% of carbon emissions. The powerful individuals and corporations that control nations like the US are not likely to accept such revolutionary curtailments of the wasteful system that supports them without a struggle. Already there is abundant evidence that they would sooner destroy the planet than let even a modicum of their power slip.

Massive fossil fuel corporations such as Exxon, for example, have funded climate change denialism for the past quarter century despite abundant evidence from their own scientists that burning fossil fuels was creating unsustainable environmental conditions. Such behavior should be seen frankly for what it is: a crime against humanity and against all other Life forms on our planet. We should not expect to negotiate with such destructive entities. Their assets should be seized. Most of these assets, in the form of fossil fuel reserves, cannot be used anyway if we are to avert environmental catastrophe. What remains of these assets should be used to fund a rapid, managed reduction in carbon emissions and a transition to renewable energy generation. These steps should be part of a broader program to transform the current, unsustainable capitalist system that dominates the world into steady state societies founded on principles of equality and environmental justice. The main source of economic reliability in America was transferred over time from gold to dollars, specifically to US treasury bills. This major shift allowed the Federal Reserve to print dollars practically without limit (as seen in recent years with interests rates for borrowing money from the FED at around 0%), well aware that the demand for dollars would never cease, this also keeping alive huge sectors of private and public enterprises such as the coal industry, fracking industry, car manufacturing, food and farming industries, and most importantly the military industry which has always giving jobs to more than half of America's population. No wonder former President Trump, and several USA Presidents before him, have been claiming the lowest unemployment rate because more than half of America population works for the war industry, the industry that has produced most of the greenhouse gases globally at the expenses of the global Life-support systems. This set a course for a global economic system based on financial instruments like derivatives and other securities instead of real, tangible goods like gold. In doing this for its own benefit, the US has created the conditions for a new financial bubble that could bring down the entire world economy when it bursts.

All nations should have the same level of greenhouse gas emissions per person. A country such as the United States, which has only 5% of the global population, would be allowed no more than 5% of globally sustainable greenhouse gas emissions. Such a move would represent a dramatic anti-imperialist shift since the US is at present responsible for 25% of greenhouse gas emissions. The powerful individuals and corporations that control nations like the US are not likely to accept such revolutionary curtailments of the wasteful economic system that supports them without a struggle. Already there is abundant evidence that they would rather destroy the planet than let even a modicum of their power slip away to save the world. Such behavior should be seen frankly for what it is: a crime against humanity and all other Life forms on our planet.

We should not expect to negotiate with such destructive entities. Their assets should be seized. A legally imposed contraction of the fossil energy supply and a rapid global conversion to renewable energy, are also necessary steps toward saving our world.

In the Vision of Earth in Year 2024, Global Civilizational State has shown that global energy consumption will rise by 60% due to population growth, urbanization, and economic and industrial expansion. To meet demand, conventional fuels and technologies will impact badly on an already degraded environment, public health and welfare, and global stability. World energy demand can be largely fulfilled by renewable energy technologies. There is however a strong opposition to change arising from the fossil fuel industry and from governments of most oil-producing nations and major fossil fuel users. There are significant advantages of shifting away from fossil fuels and nuclear energy and toward greater reliance on renewables. Decreasing the impacts of global warming is certainly the most significant advantage. Global carbon emissions must be reduced at least 70% over the next hundred years to stabilize atmospheric CO2 concentrations at 450 parts per million (ppm). The sooner societies begin to make the transition from fossil fuels to renewables, the lower will be the impacts and the associated costs of both climate change and emissions reductions. Other costs of conventional energy production and use are:

1.  degradation of the environment through resource extraction;
2.  air, soil, and water pollution;
3.  acid rain;
4.  biodiversity loss;
5.  fuelling of the war industry, and therefore a threat to peace and Earth security and, in consequences, a threat to the global Life-support systems;
6.  global economic losses due to natural disasters are in line with events anticipated as a result of global warming;
7.  nuclear power is one of the most expensive means of generating electricity and is responsible for nuclear accidents, weapons proLiferation, and nuclear waste problems;
8.  political, economic and military conflicts over limited resources such as oil and fresh water become more important as demand increases;
9.  reliance on fossil fuels create less jobs; renewables create four times more jobs; and
10.  fossil fuels do not bring electricity in many developing countries but renewables can; no electricity means no access to education, clean water, improved health care, communications, and entertainment.

Global Civilizational State is interested to enact renewable energy policies that:

a)  are consistent and long-term to allow industries and markets to adjust;
b)  provide access to the electric grid ;
c)  educate and inform the public;
d)  encourage individual and cooperative ownership of projects;
e)  establish standards; and
f)  incorporate all costs in the price of energy sources.

Global consumption is a very important aspect of sustainable development. Consumers should be concerned with the impact of their decisions on the environment but also on the lives, global rights and well-being of other people. Since one of the key functions of families as a social institution is to engage in production (selling their labour in return for wages) and consumption (using those wages to buy goods and services), then the role of families has impacts on sustainable consumption and development.Just as corporations have social responsibilities and so do consumers in societies. Consumers are socialized to improve the quality of their lives.

Human‐induced climate change requires urgent action. Humanity is the major influence on the global climate change observed over the past 50 years. Rapid societal responses can significantly lessen negative outcomes. The dominant cause of the rapid change in climate of the past half century is human-induced increases in the amount of atmospheric greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2), chlorofluorocarbons, methane, and nitrous oxide. The evidence is well established: global warming is occurring. If no significant mitigating actions are taken, major disruptions in the Earth’s physical and ecological systems, social systems, security and human health are likely to occur. We must reduce emissions of greenhouse gases beginning now.

Global warming is real and so is climate change. Human activities are responsible to those events worldwide. There will always be uncertainty in understanding a system as complex as the world’s climate. However there is now strong evidence that significant global warming is occurring. Most of the warming in recent decades can be attributed to human activities. The evidence comes from direct measurements of rising surface air temperatures and subsurface ocean temperatures and from phenomena such as increases in average global sea levels, retreating glaciers, and changes to many physical and biological systems.

Governments should follow through on the promises made in the Paris climate agreement, which aims to keep global warming below a 1.5°C threshold—although more scientists are sounding the alarm that even those pledges may be too little, too late. Time is running out for a globally synchronized response to climate change that integrates adequate protection of biodiversity and ecosystem services. It is no longer sensible to consider this as a concern for the future, if we don’t act quickly to curb emissions it is likely that every ecosystem across Earth will fundamentally change in our Lifetimes.

By 2030, if nations continue to burn fossil fuels at the current rates, three out of four people will be at risk from lethal heat waves. And even if the governments of the world act on promises they made in 2015 and drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions, almost one in two could face the risk of sickness and death by intolerable heat. That is because, as the temperatures rise, heat and humidity begin to challenge human physiology. Humans are adapted to body temperatures of around 37°C. If humidity—the levels of water vapour in the air—go up with the thermometer, then people caught in a zone of extreme heat cannot adjust body temperatures by perspiration. And with every 1°C rise in temperatures, the capacity of the air to hold moisture goes up by 7 percent. People with no access to air conditioning or a cool breeze become at high risk. It happened in Europe in 2003, when an estimated 70,000 died. A heat wave in Moscow in 2010 killed around 10,000. And researchers warned years ago that under global warming predictions, more such extremes of heat would become inevitable by 2020.

Above all, people do not want to be told that the economic growth is not coming back. People don't want to picture that Life will dramatically change as the oil runs out while the price for it and everything dependent on it will continuously rise. People don't want to question about whether the capitalism system of economics will cause further ecological ruin and social inequality as it plays itself out. Further, people don't want to consider that maybe they will be forced to change some of their Life's major goals and the ways that they live in times to come due to a combination of factors, such as the coming energy power-down, climate change variables, diminishing resource bases and overpopulation. No, people, instead, want to rise up the socio-economic chain so as to be able to consume even more goods and, if they particularly adept at obtaining riches, maybe even be able to purchase a vacation home, a yacht, an RV or some other coveted treasure.

Instead, people simply want to envision that everything will get better overall in Life after a spell. Yet, here we are all together stuck in a situation in which there exist seven billion humans all needing food, water, shelter and other things while increasing in number at a rate unprecedented in human history. All together, we're digging up and plowing every parcel of land on which we can manage to lay our hands. We're trawling and dredging every ocean and sea onto which we can stake our claims. We're damming every waterway that can be controlled. We're pumping and polluting the world's fresh water supply faster than it can be replenished, using up other resources in entirety, turning the Earth's oceans into acid, fouling the atmosphere, scarring the land with deep mining holes, blowing up mountains to extract their coal and, in exchange, creating mountains of trash. Simultaneously, we're methodically ripping apart the planet's forests at the rate of about one acre per second, destroying multitudinous species one after another, creating climate change on a scale that staggers the imagination, and generating explosions of radiation to blow into every outdoors nook and cranny in existence.

At the same time, we're warring with each other over resources between and within nations, and always, always ... insisting upon more things to own. The proLiferation of wants and needs is limitless. So, we're demanding more food, more water, more construction for our ever burgeoning masses, more jobs and, especially, more spaces into which to fan out as we add millions of people each year, while simultaneously displacing other types of Life whose environments we take over in the process. Meanwhile, billions are sunk in poverty largely due to having already exceeded their regions' carrying capacity and, as they did so, they often took the last trees with them, just as had happened on Easter Island.

At some point, something has to give. The pattern, the rapacious ravage, cannot persist indefinitely. Indeed, it won't do so because the resource base, itself, is largely disappearing across the globe. The ocean fisheries are depleting and expected to run out by mid-century. Climate change has brought pine and spruce beetles in such high numbers that they are eating millions upon millions of acres of trees and spreading out everywhere that they can, much like their human counterparts. Concurrently, methane is releasing from underwater beds and permafrost to join the carbon releases from humanity's use of fossil fuel from rich underground deposits that took millions of years to form, and that will be gone in the blink of a century's time. In relation, the looming climate change effects will be horrendous and will curtail many areas of human activities.

Yet, the main reason that the whole mess will be curbed is a simple one: infinite growth, whether economic growth or population growth, cannot continue indefinitely. Anyone who believes exponential growth can go on forever in a finite world is either a madman or an economist. Accordingly, one can envision that a crash is coming . In large measure, it's because environmental tipping points are on the way and, for those people in the worst locations for the collapse -- the desperation, conflicts and chaos will likely be horrific in scale and ferocity.

Causes of the global crisis which triggered the planetary state of emergency. (Investigative Report, press release.)


Global Civilizational State vision to saving the world.

Planetary biodiversity zone ( Part III ).


The global crisis that triggered the planetary state of emergency

Global warming alone can kill us all. Global warming will also release the greenhouse gases from the permafrost thus producing colossal positive feedbacks. They are tipping points easily observable. Soon, to sustain Life in those extreme conditions would require more energy but there will be less to share, especially with more people. There’s no certainty of how much time we have to turn the world economy from an exploitative one, to one that functions within Nature, as a part of Nature before it becomes irretrievable.

Petroleum or crude oil is a fossil fuel derived from ancient fossilized organic materials and is a mixture of hydrocarbons that exists as a liquid in underground geologic formations and remains a liquid when brought to the surface. Crude oil reserves are vanishing at a rate of more than 4 billion tonnes a year so if we carry on as we are, our known oil deposits could run out in just over 50 years. The burning of fossil fuels causes pollution and releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere thus creating the global warming of the planet and global climate change.

Petroleum is a broad category that includes both crude oil and petroleum products. Petroleum and natural gas are nonrenewable sources of energy. Petroleum is a liquid mixture found underground that can be used to make gasoline, diesel fuel, and many other products. Petroleum is also called crude oil or oil. Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons that exists as a liquid in underground geologic formations and remains a liquid when brought to the surface. Petroleum is a fossil fuel derived from ancient fossilized organic materials, such as zooplankton and algae. Vast amounts of these remains settled to sea or lake bottoms where they were covered in stagnant water (water with no dissolved oxygen) or sediments such as mud and silt faster than they could decompose aerobically. Approximately 1 m below this sediment or water oxygen concentration was low, below 0.1 mg/l, and anoxic conditions existed. Temperatures also remained constant. As further layers settled to the sea or lake bed, intense heat and pressure built up in the lower regions. This process caused the organic matter to change, first into a waxy material known as kerogen, found in various oil shales around the world, and then with more heat into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons via a process known as catagenesis. Formation of petroleum occurs from hydrocarbon pyrolysis in a variety of mainly endothermic reactions at high temperature or pressure, or both. In the absence of plentiful oxygen, aerobic bacteria were prevented from decaying the organic matter after it was buried under a layer of sediment or water. However, anaerobic bacteria were able to reduce sulfates and nitrates among the matter to H2S and N2 respectively by using the matter as a source for other reactants. Due to such anaerobic bacteria, at first this matter began to break apart mostly via hydrolysis: polysaccharides and proteins were hydrolyzed to simple sugars and amino acids respectively. These were further anaerobically oxidized at an accelerated rate by the enzymes of the bacteria: e.g., amino acids went through oxidative deamination to imino acids, which in turn reacted further to ammonia and ?-keto acids. Monosaccharides in turn ultimately decayed to CO2 and methane. The anaerobic decay products of amino acids, monosaccharides, phenols and aldehydes combined to fulvic acids. Fats and waxes were not extensively hydrolyzed under these mild conditions.

The terms oil and petroleum are sometimes used interchangeably. There are 1.65 trillion barrels of proven oil reserves in the world as of 2016. The world has proven reserves equivalent to 46.6 times its annual consumption levels. This means it has about 47 years of oil left (at current consumption levels and excluding unproven reserves). Globally, we currently consume the equivalent of over 11 billion tonnes of oil from fossil fuels every year. Crude oil reserves are vanishing at a rate of more than 4 billion tonnes a year – so if we carry on as we are, our known oil deposits could run out in just over 53 years. We understand today that humanity's use of fossil fuels is severely damaging our environment. Fossil fuels cause local pollution where they are produced and used, and their ongoing use is causing lasting harm to the climate of our entire planet. The burning of fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere creating global warming, increasing levels of CO2 and other gasses, trapping heat, and contributing to global climate change.

“Global warming” refers to the rise in global temperatures due mainly to the increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. “Climate change” refers to the increasing changes in the measures of climate over a long period of time – including precipitation, temperature, and wind patterns. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary greenhouse gas emitted through human activities. In 2018, CO2 accounted for about 81.3 percent of all U.S. greenhouse gas emissions from human activities. By increasing the abundance of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, human activities are amplifying Earth's natural greenhouse effect and causing the global warming of our planet. Indeed, carbon dioxide, a byproduct of fossil fuel combustion, is the principal greenhouse gas contributing to global warming. However, other greenhouse gases including methane, nitrous oxide, and a number of industrial-process gases also are important contributors to climate change. Fossil fuels produce large quantities of carbon dioxide when burned. Carbon emissions trap heat in the atmosphere and lead to climate change. Coal major impacts: air pollution. These impacts include mercury, lead, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulates, and various other heavy metals. Health impacts can range from asthma and breathing difficulties, to brain damage, heart problems, cancer, neurological disorders, and premature death. Burning fossil fuels emits a number of air pollutants that are harmful to both the environment and public health. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions, primarily the result of burning coal, contribute to acid rain and the formation of harmful particulate matter. As of 2010, coal accounted for 43% of global greenhouse gas emissions from fuel combustion. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main greenhouse gas, and is the leading cause of global warming. Simply put, to solve the climate crisis we must stop burning coal. Job number one is retiring old coal plants. Job number two is using fossil fuels only for essential services, starting now, today.

The United States and China are two of the largest consumers of oil in the world, totaling 19.4 million barrels per day and 14 million barrels per day, respectively. Saudi Arabia, the largest OPEC exporter, was the source of 6% of U.S. total petroleum imports and 7% of U.S. crude oil imports. Saudi Arabia is also the largest source of U.S. petroleum imports from Persian Gulf countries. The price of oil has collapsed, Saudi Arabia storage will rapidly run out, and oil companies face the real prospect of having to cap wells. The oil and gas sector accounts for up to 50 percent of the kingdom's gross domestic product and 70 percent of its export earnings.

Nearly two-thirds of the world's oil consumption is used to fuel our various modes of transport, from airplanes and cars to buses and cargo ships. Transport in Europe is 94 percent dependent on oil, according to data from the European Commission. The first part of refining crude oil is to heat it until it boils. The boiling liquid is separated into different liquids and gases in a distillation column. These liquids are used to make petrol, paraffin, diesel fuel etc. Crude oil is a mixture of different chemical called hydrocarbons. Gasoline is a mixture of many different hydrogen- and carbon- containing chemicals (hydrocarbons). A typical gasoline mixture contains about 150 different hydrocarbons, including butane, pentane, isopentane and the BTEX compounds (benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylenes). All those chemicals can kill us all when inhale. Job number three make it a law to declare all of our various modes of transport, from airplanes and cars to buses and cargo ships as essential services, starting now, today, and cut down on consumption by 50%.

The 10 biggest oil consuming nations account for more than 58% of the world's total oil consumption per day. The United States is the world's biggest oil consumer, followed by China, Japan and India. Coal-fired power plants release more greenhouse gases per unit of energy produced than any other electricity source. The United States produced the most oil in the world in 2019, at around 17 million barrels of oil per day on average. Saudi Arabia and Russia followed as the second and third largest producers, and also rank as the top two countries with highest oil exports. The United States gets 81% of its total energy from oil, coal, and natural gas, all of which are fossil fuels. We depend on those fuels to heat our homes, run our vehicles, power industry and manufacturing, and provide us with electricity. The USA has added close to 50 billion barrels over the last year and now holds an estimated 310 billion barrels of recoverable oil with current technologies, equal to 79 years of US oil production at present output levels.

The primary distinction between crude or conventional oil and shale oil is the way it collects. The oil in shale is typically found in smaller batches. As a result, shale oil often needs to be fractured so that the oil trapped within the shale can be recovered. Surface mining of oil shale deposits causes the usual environmental impacts of open-pit mining. In addition, the combustion and thermal processing generate waste material, which must be disposed of, and harmful atmospheric emissions, including carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas. Hydraulic fracturing, or “fracking,” is revolutionizing oil and gas drilling across the country. However, without rigorous safety regulations, it can poison groundwater, pollute surface water, impair wild landscapes, and threaten wildLife. The USA shale oil will last a little longer: there are 2 million barrels a day produced by Texas. In 20 years, its number of wells could increase from the current 8,000 to at least 40,000. Part of the reason for expansion is that each well runs dry after about two years. US shale isn't dead but it's crippled for Life. The key source of funding for most E&Ps, the reserve-based lending facility, is all but extinct by the end of 2021. Without this source of cheap capital from the banks, energy producers will be forced to spend within cash flow.

The Earth will begin to heal from over a century of human-caused climate change. In the United States, the burning of fossil fuels, particularly for the power and transportation sectors, accounts for about three-quarters of carbon emissions. Without oil, cars may become a relic of the past. Streets may turn into public community centers and green spaces filled with pedestrians. Bike use might increase as more people ride to school or work. But oil is needed to manufacture bikes. And oil is needed to make machines to manufacture bikes. And so on for everything else in society. When oil runs out, cars might run on electricity, or even water. We might rely more heavily on public transportation, like trains and buses. Cities will look different, too. Without oil, cars may become a relic of the past. Again and again, only essential services of a city will be allowed to use oil. All machines driven by oil and gas will be no longer useable. Airports and shipyards all over the world will only be allowed to operate and manage under government controls. Electricity generation would lose perhaps its most flexible, reliable fuel, and coal, nuclear and wind would have to pick up the slack. But then again, oil is needed to make other types of energy systems. Until it does, cooking and heating will revert to primitive fuels like wood, causing fires, smog and lung disease in poor neighbourhoods. Today, most electricity systems still come from fossil fuels, and we are struggling to replace them for non-heat electricity loads. A fossil fuel-free world might not materialize in our Lifetime. Still, plenty of people — and companies — will be reducing their carbon footprints, creating investment opportunities for themselves.

Knowing now what is going to be our future, and the future of the next generations, would humanity finally understand the urgent need of governing and managing Earth resources, and our needs for them? Our planet is populated with living beings consisting of millions of different Lifeforms interacting with each other to survive, thus forming an intricate web of Life in different ecosystems on the planet. The interaction and interdependence between Lifeforms are the driving force that creates and maintains an ecological - environmental equilibrium that has sustained Life on Earth for millions of years enabling it to evolve, flourish and diversify.  

The greenhouse effect is the way in which heat is trapped close to the surface of the Earth by “greenhouse gases”, carbon dioxide (CO2) being by far the worst gas ever, but methane and other gases are also continuously and alarmingly added to the mix. Human activities are critically, recklessly, and harmfully adding greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, the air we breath, thus causing the global warming of our planet and, consequently and unquestionably, creating a dangerous change of the climate worldwide. Since WWII, America has been by far the worst polluter of greenhouse gases than any other nations and is continuing relentlessly, unabating and unremitting to be the worst through proxy nations such as China, South Korea, Bangladesh, Saudi Arabia and many other nations where businesses from America have set up offices to manufacture products at cheaper costs.

Over the past century, climate-warming has been caused mostly by human activities. Ice cores drawn from Greenland, Antarctica, and tropical mountain glaciers show that the Earth’s climate responds to changes in greenhouse gas levels. Past evidence can also be found in tree rings, ocean sediments, coral reefs, and layers of sedimentary rocks. Global climate is known to continue to change over this century and beyond. The magnitude of climate change beyond the next few decades depends primarily on the amount of heat-trapping gases emitted globally.

Even if we stopped emitting greenhouse gases today, global warming would continue to happen in the future for at least several more decades if not centuries. That’s because it takes a while for the planet to adjust, and also because carbon dioxide stays in the atmosphere for hundreds of years. In the absence of major action to reduce emissions, global temperature will rise by an average of 6 °C (10.8 °F). A global disaster is already unfolding at the poles of the planet as we observed and shown that the Arctic will be ice-free in the summer within just a few years. Many devastating forest fires will continue to be of common occurrence and intensified, aggravated, and exacerbated by more heat due to global warming.

More devastating forests fires, including all of those in urban settings, and everywhere in the world mean less Oxygen, more carbon dioxide (CO2), and less trees to fight against the global warming of our planet. Most fires are also a terrible lost to people and all Life on Earth.

The problem with climate change is that greenhouse gases sent into the atmosphere today lock in big costs later. Almost 2 million homes worth over $1 trillion are at risk of being underwater by 2100. Add relocation costs for those affected and the loss of tourism dollars in coastal communities, and numbers soar into the trillions for just a fraction of the damage that experts fear global warming will cause. There are many barriers to overcome. People here first must believe that climate change is real. Then they must believe that it's harmful.

Climate change is already affecting Life on Earth, despite a global temperature increase of just 1°C. Nearly every ecosystem on the planet is being altered, and plants and animals are being so affected that scientists may soon be forced to intervene. More than 85 percent of ecological systems on Earth, land and sea, have been affected by climate change. Temperature extremes are causing evolutionary adaption in many species, changing them genetically and physically. These responses include changes in tolerances to high temperatures, shifts in sex-ratios, reduced body size, and migration of species. Understanding the extent to which these goods and services have been impacted allows humans to plan and adapt to changing ecosystem conditions. The changes have manifested in some species shifting to higher or lower ground as the planet heats up, while others are becoming smaller, as a higher surface-area-to-body-mass ratio makes it easier to stay cool.

Average global temperatures have risen 1°C since the industrial era. These observations have had broad and worrying impacts on natural systems, with accumulating consequences for people. Minimizing the impacts of climate change on core ecological processes must now be a key policy priority for all nations. It is important that governments to follow through on the promises made in the Paris climate agreement, which aims to keep global warming below a 1.5°C threshold, although an increasing amount of scientists are sounding the alarm that even those pledges may be too little, too late.Time is running out for a globally synchronized response to climate change that integrates adequate protection of biodiversity and ecosystem services. It is no longer sensible to consider this as a concern for the future. If we dont act quickly to curb emissions it is likely that every ecosystem across Earth will fundamentally change in our Lifetimes.

Climate breakdown is happening before our eyes at the same time the science on climate change grows stronger and has wider acceptance. Hurricane Harvey, which struck at the center of the petroleum industry – the heart of climate denialism, provided a glimpse of the new normal of climate crisis-induced events. By 2050, one billion people could be displaced by climate crises. Climate disasters demonstrate the immense failure of government at all levels. The world has known about the likely disastrous impacts of climate change for decades. It is not just science that confirms the climate crisis, it is also people’s experience with extreme weather, record breaking temperatures, and deadly heat waves that make it hard to deny climate catastrophe. Climate denialism requires shutting one’s eyes to obvious realities when the truth is the Earth is warmer than it has been in 120,000 years. There is no doubt that storms are made more deadly by climate change.

The United States elected a climate denier, former President Donald Trump, who describes climate change as a hoax and has appointed officials who are complicit in denying climate change, closely tied to polluting industries and favor policies that result in climate breakdown, and many of whom were part of the misinformation network on climate. Trump has withdrawn from the Paris climate agreement, putting the US out of step with the world on the issue. The Trump administration has sought to hide evidence of climate change, but people have been sharing climate documents with other governments and scientific groups before he hid them. Trump has conducted a witch hunt against believers in climate change. These actions have resulted in the unusual step of climate scientists protesting the Trump administration.

Most or all of the rise can be attributed to global warming. There's also the economic impact of losing shorelines. The U.N. estimates that the so-called ocean economy, which includes employment, marine-based ecosystem services and cultural services, is between $3 to $6 trillion per year. Coastal areas within 100 kilometers (62 miles) of the ocean account for more than 60 percent of the world's total gross national production. For the economies of developing nations, these regions are especially crucial. A big part of that coastal production is food. As the sea gobbles up fertile seaside land and river deltas, feeding the rapidly escalating human population is going to get that much more difficult.

Global pushing such as the Paris climate agreement have tried to limit global warming to 2C above pre-industrial levels. However, with latest projections pointing to an increase of 3.2C by 2100, these goals seem to be slipping out of reach. One of the most enormous resulting threats to cities around the world is sea-level rise, caused by the expansion of water at higher temperatures and melting ice sheets on the north and south poles. An estimate 300 million people worldwide live in areas that will eventually be flooded at 3C of global warming. The regional impact of these changes is highly uneven, with four out of five people affected living in Asia. Although sea levels will not rise instantaneously, the calculated increases will be inescapable at a temperature rise of 3C, meaning they will be irreversible even if warming eventually slows down.

But why is this happening? As humans have increased greenhouse gases as well as cut down the world’s forests, the overall temperature has risen about 1.4 degrees since 1880. This rise in temperature has caused the ocean waters to get warmer, which in turn causes them to expand. Expanding waters leads to higher levels. Additionally, the warming waters are causing the ice caps, glaciers, and ice sheets of the world to melt, which is then funneling water into the oceans. As more and more ice melts, the seas will continue to rise. How much are the seas going to continue rising? It’s an inexact science since so many variables are at play, but general estimates can be made. Even if all contributors immediately stopped, it’s likely that the oceans will rise between 1.2-2.6 feet by 2100. If things continue at their current pace, sea levels could rise as much as 6.6 feet. The main factor determining the sea levels will be how quickly the world’s ice continues to melt.National Geographic puts it this way "Oceans will likely continue to rise as well, but predicting the degree to which they will rise is an inexact science.

Petroleum is a fossil fuel derived from ancient fossilized organic materials. The organic material that is the source of most hydrocarbons has probably been derived from single-celled planktonic (free-floating) plants, such as diatoms and blue-green algae, and single-celled planktonic animals, such as foraminifera, which live in aquatic environments of marine, brackish, or fresh water. Heat and pressure are the two main forces that transform organic matter into fossil fuels. One must understand burning this vast store of carbon that Nature managed to accumulate in the ground has never happen before. Global warming will also release the greenhouse gases from the permafrost and methane hydrates thus producing colossal positive feedbacks. They are tipping points easily observable. Soon, to sustain Life in those extreme conditions would require more energy but there will be less to share, especially with more people. There’s no certainty of how much time we have to turn the world economy from an exploitative one, to one that functions within Nature, as a part of Nature before it becomes irretrievable.

For a long time, the major fossil fuel suppliers have resisted any restraint on emissions but it is the Lifestyle of the elite that needs to be tackled. They bring down governments that displease them, and buy and sell the largest corporations like commodities. By design and law the defining priority and obligation of these governing institutions is to generate financial profits to make rich people richer, in short to increase inequality in a world in desperate need of greater equity. Labour rights are abused in efforts to earn more profits. This leads to abhorrent working conditions, job insecurity and low living standards, all global rights. Consumers in developed countries have been socialized to want more and more things to consume but have not been socialized to appreciate the impact of their consumption choices on the global rights of other people; that is, they are not being responsible for their decisions, and they have taken refuge in a cocoon of denial.

Sadly the 1% dominates and controls the information services, the mass media; it’s the only power that is able to disseminate the needed information to change our self-destructive way of Life to an inclusive positive one. If we can show the 1% that they’re facing a dire situation in a overpopulate world that’s depleted of vital resources, in an unliveable hot and violent climate, then they might avoid continuing on that path. Wealth can’t have any value in an unendurable social chaotic violence, when the economy goes from sour to putrid and as well the 1% may be an early victim of vengefulness. We desperately need to show the 1% how closes they and we are in producing an unliveable world due to the outcome of a capitalist economy gone out of control. The 1% Life is at stake like everyone, they must not only cooperate to live within Nature’s ability, but promote it on a world scale. They are the only ones with the power to do so, and it may be the only way to survive. All living things have to have a survival instinct to be alive; it will save us all if we use it. However, that instinct will only kick in when those multi billionaires realise that their Life is at stake and they can only be saved if they do their best to save everyone. That would mean an unreserved sharing with all people and a qualified one with Nature, the sooner we can accomplish that, the easier and satisfying Life will be, for the more cooperative our Life is the more satisfying and secure it must be. In a cooperative based society there would be no advantage to be deceitful; people will then revert to honest relationships. That correlation in societies and also as a part of Nature infers that people would see exploiting Nature as destructive for us. The reason we are destroying our habitat thus ourselves is due to the competitiveness of the Western civilisation, the West, and its intensification under capitalism. Competition is capitalism Lifeblood and now it’s our foe, the Life extinction crisis.

Is our system of governance a sustainable system? We need to recognize the failure of fundamental systems and to let go the notion that what there is to do is to recalibrate the institutions that structure our lives today. Somewhat like the US Congress is doing. Put money into the system and everything will be fine! We need to realize that the way we thought things would work out truly is gone. Capitalism is at the core of this unsustainable system. It gives rise to the high-energy/mass-consumption of privileged societies. We must setup measures to stop speculators benefiting from the misery of others, by punishing corrupt politicians. Ultimately, unless we begin to see the world as a whole, in which things are truly interconnected, our governments will continue their hostilities, oil prices will keep on rising, and when the time comes for us to complain, we will be faced with the guns of the police whom we have helped to create with the payment of our taxes.  

Our climate is changing; fresh water reserves, fish stocks and forests are shrinking; fertile land is being destroyed and species are becoming extinct. In order to continue to thrive on our planet, our Lifestyles will need to become more sustainable, so that we are able to protect our natural resource base and the fragile eco-systems of the planet. There are other tipping points with potentially far-reaching consequences: the die-off of the Amazon rain forest and the melting of the Artic ice cap. Both are already under way, reducing the survival prospects of flora and fauna in their respective habitats. As these processes gain momentum, entire ecosystems are being obliterated and many species killed off, with drastic consequences for the humans who rely on them.

Our world is facing crises of freshwater, food, deforestation, ocean health, and destruction of the global Life-support systems. We need leadership in the protection of all our natural resources, in peril because of what we do and what that does to our planet. We are facing a fresh water crisis. We are facing a food crisis. We are facing a crisis over deforestation. And we are facing crises in our oceans. While carbon emissions from fossil fuels pollute the air, land and our oceans, we are facing the climate change crisis. Now is the time to press for a sound Global Civilizational State leadership.

Now Global Community claims that all Lifeforms are important and included as part of global ethics. It is not just about 'humanity survival' but about 'all Lifeforms survival' we are fighting for. The treatment of all Lifeforms provides a clear example of the practical value of global ethics. In the Western world (and in contrast with certain Eastern traditions) Lifeforms other than human beings have long been excluded from the domain of moral concern. They have been bred up and killed for food and clothing, captured and dissected in the name of science, and sometimes hunted for pure pleasure. This treatment has been justified in several ways. Within the Jewish and Christian religious context, for example, it is taught that God created "animals" for human use, and so we are entitled to do to them as we please. Global Community condemns this behavior because each of us depends on the well-being of the whole, and so global citizens must have respect for the community of living beings, for people, other Lifeforms, and plants, and for the preservation of Earth, the air, water and soil.

Wherever there are people, there will be conflicts, and Global Community ethics can help to resolve conflicts. Global Civilizational State proposes that such conflicts be resolved without violence and within a framework of justice. People must commit themselves to the most nonviolent, peaceful solutions possible. This is the pathway to global peace.

Environmental problems have contributed to numerous collapses of civilizations in the past. Now, for the first time, a global collapse appears likely and global warming, overpopulation, overconsumption by the rich and poor choices of technologies are major drivers; dramatic cultural change provides the main hope of averting calamity.

In consequence of globalization, the new economic and political distribution of power around the world has become very different then we were used to. It has become very fluid, in perpetual motion and affected by global markets. Giant new markets are forming all over the world. Competition is hardening. National economies can no longer insure or guarantee rights of possession on any property. National borders no longer mean protection, security, cultural boundaries, resources ownership, political and economic control.

International market regulations try to control or ease the effects of globalization. The effects are often devastating. With globalization comes global problems such as:

    *    unemployment in industrial nations
    *    poverty increases world-wide ~ entire countries in a state of starvation
    *    environmental degradation
    *    national interests of a country changing and becoming more trade oriented and trying to go with the wave of global trade
    *    international interests of a country take prime importance
    *    in developing countries, national debts constrict the institutions of the national state and contribute to the destruction of the economic activity which, in turn, as the effect of creating unemployment
    *    national currencies of many countries are affected by national debts and contribute in destroying social Life, creating ethnic conflicts and civil wars
    *   the large corporation is becoming larger and getting more power and control falls into the hands of a few people
    *   globalization is another way of keeping control on our lives in the hands of a few people
    *   with globalization, we have no control and no say in our future and the world becomes a game played by a few people just as it has alway been through history, leading to revolutions and war
    *   with globalization there is no sense of direction and meaning, no security for the individual, just a few people getting richer and controlling us all.

The need to survive can put checks and balances  on the rampant globalization effects already raging like a virus in our world. To survive what must be re-thought? Old ideas and values, traditions, laws, ways of doing things must be re-evaluated and some left behind.

The choice is simple survival:

*    every man has the right to be able to provide for his family
*    people have the right to food
*    children have the right to be educated
*    the world has a right to clean healthy fields, streams, meadows and mountains, water and breathable air
*    resources can be helped to last indefinitely

This 21st century is very crucial for humanity as it will determine our survival or not as a species and, consequently, the survival of the next generations. The Biosphere is our world, our home. The lives of all Lifeforms and plants on our planet deserve protection, preservation, and care.

( see enlargement )

Scientific research suggests that breeding grounds for rats, like mosquitoes are expanding significantly as a result of rising world temperatures. Facilitating the emergence and spread of deadly pathogens like the Ebola virus, SARS, and coronavirus. The global warming of the planet caused climate change and Artic ice to melt at rates unseen before. The Artic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the world. Iceberg and the Artic snow cover are melting much faster. The Artic Council suggests 20 percent of the uppermost layers of permafrost may melt by 2040. As the ice begins to thaw, each eroding layer will expose new layers, along with microbes that have been frozen away for thousands of years. That vast collection of bacteria, viruses and other pathogens may impact, or infect, our lives in ways that are hard to imagine. The tipping points of greatest concern to scientists have been the rapid melting of the Greenland and West Antartic ice sheets. Should they melt ever more quickly with all that water flowing into oceans, a sea level rise of 20 feet or more can be expected, inundating many of the world's most populous coastal cities and forcing billions of people to relocate. And of course the melting will most likely bring about diseases caused by viruses including rabies, herpes, Ebola and Coronavirus.

The thawing of permafrost either from global warming or industrial exploitation of circumpolar regions are affecting and threats to human health. Putting aside long-dormant new viruses, there is also the issue of "zombie diseases" that have been safely tucked away in the ice for tens of thousands of years. These can include infections that have wreaked havoc on human populations in previous eras, including smalpox, various flu varieties, bubonic plague, and other deadly illnesses long since forgotten. Possible causes for zombie behavior in a modern population can be attributed to viruses, bacteria or other phenomena that reduce the mental capacity of humans, causing them to behave in a very primitive and destructive fashion. Former President of the USA, Donald Trump, may have been affected by a zombie disease because his leadership was truly primitive and destructive. He may have infected millions of Americans from the Republican Party because they all behave a similar primitive and destructive fashion that threatens Democracy and the rule of Justice and Law in America.

Other critical tipping points are the rapid melting of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets, the thawing of permafrost, and the gradual destruction of the global Life-support systems and eco-systems of the planet.

We are facilitating the emergence and spread of deadly pathogens like the Ebola virus, SARS, and the coronavirus through deforestation, haphazard urbanization, and the ongoing warming of the planet.

The greenhouse effect is the way in which heat is trapped close to the surface of the Earth by “greenhouse gases”. In the last century or so, human activities have been interfering with the energy balance of the planet, mainly through the burning of fossil fuels that give off carbon dioxide which has been rising consistently for decades and trapping extra heat near the surface of the Earth, thus causing temperatures to rise and warming the planet, which in turn is causing the climate to change, the effects of which have a direct impact on fragile ecosystems.

The climate system is causing several  tipping points, a threshold beyond which rapid and irreversible changes will occur. These will create a cascade of devastating effects. There are already several observable tipping points which have been reached. Until now, the tipping points of greatest concern have been the rapid melting of Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets. Should they melt ever more quickly with all that water flowing into neighboring oceans, a sea level rise of 20 feet or more can be expected, inundating many of the world’s most populous coastal cities and forcing billions of people to relocate. Other distinct tipping points include the cascading impacts triggered by the die-off of the Amazon rainforest particularly given its critical role in the global hydrological cycle, and the melting of the Arctic ice cap. Both are already under way, reducing the survival prospects of flora and fauna in their respective habitats. As these processes gain momentum, entire ecosystems are likely to be obliterated and many species killed off, with drastic consequences for the humans who rely on them in so many ways for their survival. Many species, perhaps insects and microorganisms highly dangerous to humans, could occupy those spaces emptied by extinction.

The thawing of permafrost either from global warming or industrial exploitation of circumpolar regions are threats to human health. In the Arctic the melting permafrost steadily releases the hundreds of gigatons of methane, a greenhouse gas nearly 80 times more potent than carbon dioxide, stored in soil, lakes and sediment in Canada and Siberia. Methane boiling up from underneath the Arctic Ocean is estimated to contain thousands of gigatons of methane. Melting permafrost could potentially yield viruses from long-extinct hominin species like Neanderthals and Denisovans, both of which settled in Siberia and were riddled with various viral diseases.

Losses of biomass through deforestation and the cutting down of tropical forests put our supply of oxygen gas at risk. Today forests are being destroy at an astronomical rate. No oxygen is created after a forest is put down, and more CO2 is produced in the process. In the tropics, ants, termites, bacteria, and fungi eat nearly the entire photosynthetic oxygen. The oxygen content of our atmosphere is slowly declining. Combustion of fossil fuels destroys oxygen.

Scientific research suggests that breeding grounds for rats, like mosquitoes are expanding significantly as a result of rising world temperatures, thus facilitating the emergence and spread of deadly pathogens like the Ebola virus, SARS, and coronavirus. The global warming of the planet caused climate change and Artic ice to melt at rates unseen before. The Artic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the world. Iceberg and the Artic snow cover are melting much faster. The tipping points of greatest concern have been the rapid melting of the Greenland and West Antartic ice sheets. Should they melt ever more quickly with all that water flowing into oceans, a sea level rise of 20 feet or more can be expected, inundating many of the world's most populous coastal cities and forcing billions of people to relocate. The Artic Council suggests 20 percent of the uppermost layers of permafrost may melt by 2040. As the ice begins to thaw, each eroding layer will expose new layers, along with microbes that have been frozen away for thousands of years. That vast collection of bacteria, viruses and other pathogens may impact, or infect, our lives in ways that are hard to imagine.

Many organisms change their nature with fluctuating climatic conditions, and become fatal and toxic with changing environments. In the Artic as melting permafrost steadily releases the hundreds of gigatons of methane, a greenhouse gas 80 times more potent than carbon dioxide, stored in soil, lakes and sediment in Canada and Siberia. Methane is also boiling up from underneath the Artic ocean. Melting permafrost could potentially yield viruses from long-extinct homonin species like Neanderthals and Denisovans, both of which settled in Siberia and were riddled with various viral diseases.

The thawing of permafrost either from global warming or industrial exploitation of circumpolar regions are affecting and threats to human health. Putting aside long-dormant new viruses, there is also the issue of "zombie diseases" that have been safely tucked away in the ice for tens of thousands of years. These can include infections that have wreaked havoc on human populations in previous eras, including smalpox, various flu varieties, bubonic plague, and other deadly illnesses long since forgotten. Other infections that did not kill previous generations, but which we have lost immunity protection for, could also emerge. A bacterium that have been encased in the Antartic glacier for million years can be revived. Carnobacterium pleistocenium shared the era with mastodons, woolly mammoths and saber-toothed cats. Though the microbes have been immobilized in a chunk of ice for thousands of years, they can be revived as things warm up. Even within humans and other living creatures there exist micro-organisms whose nature we simply cannot ascertain. Science so far has been able to identify only one percent of bacteria and its nature living in human body, and 99% of other organisms living within us are still unknown.

Warmer temperatures and more moisture are conducive to the accelerated reproduction of mosquitoes, including those carrying malaria, the zika virus, and other highly infectious diseases. Such conditions were once largely confined to the tropics, but as a result of global warming, formely temperate areas are now experiencing more tropical conditions, resulting in the territorial expansion of mosquito breeding grounds. Accordingly, malaria and zika are on the rise in areas that never previously experienced such diseases. Similarly, dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral disease that infects millions of people every year, is spreading especially quickly due to rising world temperatures.

Because of the pandemic, parents, grandparents, and children spend much more time together within their houses. This might have led to new familial relationships, understanding and responses including conflicts when children might have learnt new things about their parents and vice-versa during the extra ordinary length of lockdown time.  It could be both positive and negative with respect to the family dynamics. Because of Covid-19, the lock down and the confinement within homes initially were difficult. It led to considerable release of negative emotions. The pandemic has also transformed the thinking and worldview of people when they started seeing others as  potential carriers of infection. The pandemic has significantly influenced the social and psychological fabric of society where everyone is fearful of getting infected.  

Symbiotical relationships are needed today for the long term future of humanity and for the protection of Life on Earth. Humanity needs to slow down significantly world population. This 21st century is very crucial for humanity as it will determine our survival or not as a species and, consequently, the survival of the next generations. It is now increasingly evident that only by sharing the world's natural resources more equitably and sustainably will we be able to address both the ecological and social crisis we face as Global Civilizational State. This does not imply that a section of the world population whose idea of survival is to have many children and Global Community would see that they are given all social services needed for survival. No! There are global laws concerning procreation and everyone is required not to have more than 1.3 children per family in a given population. Global population warfare is not permitted, much like military and economic warfares in the world today. All other Life species than human are also part of Global Community and their population will also be protected for their own survival. 

Population dynamics are among the primary underlying causes of forest decline. Poverty, corruption, inequitable access to land and wasteful consumption practices also influence the decisions of governments, corporations and individuals to cut and clear forests. The interaction of these forces is most evident in areas such as South Asia, Central America and sub-Saharan Africa, where poverty, rapid population growth and weak institutions contribute to forest loss and severe environmental degradation.

The dominant force in forest loss is growth in the demand for farmland. Subsistence agriculture is the principal cause of forest loss in Africa, Asia and much of Latin America. Slash-and-burn farming and other traditional techniques were sustainable for centuries when population densities were lower. Today they are a major factor, along with the expansion of commercial farms and livestock grazing areas, in the permanent conversion of wooded land to agriculture. The need to increase food production is expected to accelerate the forest-to-farmland cycle, especially in countries where alternatives for meeting this demand are limited.

A typical American uses 15 times as much lumber and paper as a resident of a developing country. Reducing wood consumption in the industrialized world is unlikely to stop forest loss in developing countries however, since most of the wood consumed comes from trees in the industrialized countries themselves. Nevertheless, the consumption model offered to the rest of the world threatens accelerated forest loss as both populations and economies grow in developing countries.

Population policies based on human development and the Scale of Global Rights offer the greatest hope for the future of forests. This is not an argument for population "control" but for the social investments that allow couples to choose when to have children and how many to have. Programs linking conservation activities with family planning services show promise for achieving both the sustainable use of forests and greater acceptance of reproductive health services.

The total number of people worldwide could still double or even triple from today’s over 7 billion before stabilizing a century or more from now. Women in most countries are still having more than the two-child average consistent with a stable population size. Moreover, so many young people are now entering or moving through their childbearing years that even a two-child average would still boost population size for a few decades until the momentum of past growth subsides. Yet there is reason for optimism. The combination of access to family planning and other reproductive health services, education for girls and economic opportunity for women could lower birthrates enough to stabilize world population well before a doubling of today’s total.

Motivation, rather than differential access to modern contraception is a major determinant of fertility.  Individuals frequently respond to scarcity by having fewer children, and to perceived improved economic opportunity by having more children. Economic development does not cause family size to shrink; rather, at every point where serious economic opportunity beckons, family size preferences expand.

A)  Foreign aid conveys to the recipients the perception of improving economic wellbeing, which is followed by an increase in the fertility of the recipients of the aid.

B)  Migrations from regions of low economic opportunity to places of higher economic opportunity result in an increase in the fertility of the migrants that persists for a generation or two.

The need is not to control population growth. Governments cannot control childbearing and attempts to do so have sometimes led to coercive approaches to reproduction that violate human rights. The need is rather to expand the power individuals have over their own lives, especially by enabling them to choose how many children to have and when to have them.

Investing in education for girls helps them to contribute to their national economies–and to postpone childbearing until they are ready for a family. Providing credit and other economic opportunities for women creates alternatives to early and frequent childbearing. Finally, better access to quality reproductive health services directly benefits women and their families. These approaches increase human capacity, providing the greatest long-term return to societies, individuals and the environment. Moreover, they are likely to lead to an early peak in world population in the coming century.

Comprehensive population policies are an essential element in a world development strategy that combines access to reproductive health services, to education and economic opportunities, to improved energy and natural resource technologies, and to healthyer models of consumption and the "good Life."

Policies to decrease world population:

• delay reproduction until later in Life
  Delaying reproduction is important in influencing population growth rates. Over a period of 60 years, if people delay reproduction until they are 30 years old, you would have only two generations, while if you do not delay reproduction you would have three generations (one generation every 20 years).
• spread your children farther apart
  
• to have fewer children overall
  
• government commitment to decreasing population growth
  Create policies that help decreasing the number of children being born. Policies such as income tax deductions for dependent children and maternity and paternity leaves are essentially pronatalist and should be eliminated.
• programs that are locally designed and that include information on family planning and access to contraceptives
  
• educational programs that emphasize the connection between family planning and social good
  

The vast disparities in reproductive health worldwide and the greater vulnerability of the poor to reproductive risk point to several steps all governments can take, with the support of other sectors, to improve the health of women and their families:

• Give women more Life choices. The low social and economic status of women and girls sets the stage for poor reproductive health
  
  
• Invest in reproductive health care
  
  
• Encourage delays in the onset of sexual activity and first births
  
  
• Help couples prevent and manage unwanted childbearing
  
  
• Ensure universal access to maternal health care
  
  
• Support new reproductive health technologies
  
  
• Increase efforts to address the HIV pandemic
  
  
• Involve communities in evaluating and implementing programs
  
  
• Develop partnerships with the private sector, policymakers and aid donors to broaden support for reproductive health
  
• Measure Progress

More and more young people on every continent want to start bearing children later in Life and to have smaller families than at any time in history. Likewise, in greater proportions than ever, women and girls in particular want to go to school and to college, and they want to find fulfilling and well-paid employment. Helping people in every country obtain the information and services they need to put these ambitions into effect is all that can be done, and all that needs to be done, to bring world population growth to a stable landing in the new century.

Sciences and statistical data show clearly that we are at a crucial stage of a slow but accelerating critical global environmental crisis. To be effective and timely, sustainability policy should already be consistent with the real-world evidence. Failure to implement a global sustainability plan that addresses excess consumption and over-population while ensuring greater social equity may well be fatal to global civilization. Indeed, adherence to any variant of the growth-bound status quo promises a future of uncontrollable climate change, plummeting biodiversity, civil disorder, geopolitical turmoil and resource wars. Capitalism only survives by us buying more and more things so investors receive returns. The GDP must keep going up and up and up forever or the system collapses. But we all know this is not possible. We have extremely limited Earth resources, and for the GDP to keep rising, we need more and more people and Earth resources. We cannot continue to expand our population in perpetuity. The system was flawed at the outset, and its flaws have never been more apparent than now as we start to see our Life systems unravel before our very eyes. In these circumstances, should not elected politicians everywhere have an obligation to explain how their policies reflect the fact of global overshoot? The phenomenon of climate change, in addition to fossil fuel based energy systems, have many other components to worry about as well. It is not just the transformation of energy scenario alone, which is required. We need an entirely different paradigm to the way we view Nature around us.

In recorded history, humanity has been depleting and degrading the natural capital of Earth, its global resources, rich agricultural soils, its groundwater stored during ice ages, and its biodiversity. Overpopulation and increasing per capita consumption are major reasons for the depleting of resources and deterioration of humanity common heritage. Politicians and business executives are under the delusion that such a disastrous end to the modern human enterprise and institutions can be avoided by technological fixes that will allow the population and the economy to grow forever. People from Wall Street live a dream Life. Our current way of Life is unsustainable. We are the first species on Earth that will have to self-consciously impose limits on ourselves to survive.

Realizing that the world global economic development and use of global resources are out of control and forcing a complete collapse of nation states worldwide, and realizing that international trade agreements are all obsolete and primitive, and that all human activities by large are causing the destruction of livelihood worldwide, endangering all Lifeforms on the planet, putting in great danger all global ecosysytems, in short threatening the survival of all Life on our planet, we need a complete turn around of our ways of doing business and trade, in global development and the management of global resources. While telling lies about caring for the Earth, most of our governments are deepening the crisis with new plans for expanded resource exploitation, unregulated free trade deals, more invasive investments, the privatization of absolutely everything, and unlimited growth. This model of development and governance is literally killing the planet and the fundamental cause of Life extinction.

For heat waves, our options are now between bad or terrible. Many people around the world are already paying the ultimate price of heat waves, and while models suggest that this is likely to continue, it could be much worse if emissions are not considerably reduced. The human body can only function within a narrow range of core body temperatures around 37°C. Heat waves pose a considerable risk to human Life because hot weather, aggravated with high humidity, can raise body temperature, leading to Life-threatening conditions. By 2019 climate would change inexorably in at least some regions of the globe. More recently he and colleagues calculated that the relentless increase in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere could limit the growing season and pose a threat to world food security. History has yet to deliver a verdict on either prediction.

But the warning about heat waves starts from facts already available. The humidity and temperature hazards and predicted that at least one climate zone, the Gulf between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula, could become murderously hot by the century’s end. Heat waves over recent decades in India has established a link between extremes of heat, climate change and mass death.

There is a common threshold at which temperatures and humidities become lethal: that is, as relative humidity climbed, even lower temperatures could kill. Right now, one human in three lives in a climate zone in which death by extreme heat is or could be possible. The area in which such conditions are liable to happen on at least 20 days a year is predicted to grow.

By 2100 New York could have around 50 days in which conditions could be potentially lethal. In Sydney, Australia the number of such deadly days could be 20, for Los Angeles 30. For Orlando, Florida, and Houston, Texas, the entire summer could exceed the thresholds at which people have been known to die. Notoriously, former President Trump has announced that he will withdraw the U.S. from the Paris Agreement of 2015 to contain average global warming to well below 2°C by the century’s end. Unless we reduce fossil fuel emissions, an estimated 48 percent of the human population could be at risk of summer extremes. And if they do not, this hazard rises to 74 percent. Climate change has put humanity on a path that will become increasingly dangerous and difficult to reverse if greenhouse gas emissions are not taken much more seriously. Action like the withdrawal from the Paris Agreement is a step in the wrong direction that will inevitably delay fixing a problem for which there is simply no time to waste.

What sorts of problems will exist in times ahead? What can we do to deal with them? A suggestion ... At present, numerous environmental researchers are warning of future resource shortages. The list of them is large and includes water, oil, a variety of minerals and metals, as well as other materials. Yet, most people carry on as if they do not hear the message at all. They refuse to cut back in their dreams of continuing economic growth. In relation, part of the problem with them is perhaps an inability to make connections. For the most part, they seem to have little or no idea about the collective consequences of their individual behaviors.

For example, they can't walk into a super-sized Wal Mart or a mall and see the environmental destruction and energy use behind each type of product on the shelves, nor that the whole gargantuan conglomeration of products could cause a problem. They can't look at cotton goods or food and imagine the huge oceanic dead zones and the annihilation of many diverse organisms caused by farm runoff. They can't go to the paper isle and picture that, aside from all of the multitudes of items derived from timber, U.S. toilet paper use alone destroys thirteen million acres of forests per year, along with all Life dependent on those forests. Particularly the loggers, the paper mill operators, the truckers hauling raw materials and final products, and the store clerks don't want to visualize such images. They don't want to see their own roles in the process any more than do the people who, while complaining about the impacts of overpopulation on crowded highways, chose to have many children, which, of course, will lead to many more toilet paper purchases in times to come. In fact, they, like the individuals who wring their hands over mountaintop blowups for coal and the slaughter of indigenous forest dwellers by oil company hired thugs, don't want to be told of cut-backs of any types at all, let alone just bathroom paper.

Especially if they are fond of vacation travel or have seen their home energy use spike due to lots of appliances running at once, they don't want to picture that they possibly could be implicated in anything having to do with the downside of their Lifestyles. They don't want to link their habits to the fact that over seventy percent of electricity in the U.S. comes from fossil fuels. They don't want to think that maybe their rising demand for oil at the pump or penchant for air travel is somehow indirectly related to the types of damage seen in the Amazon forests, the Appalachians, the Niger Delta or the Gulf of Mexico.

Moreover, they don't want to imagine that maybe two groups will make out okay in times ahead and one of them probably won't be the (ever shrinking) middle class. They don't want to note that the successful ones just could be the very wealthy people, who can afford to buy anything regardless of its costliness and scarcity, and the people at the other end of the spectrum, who have simply walked away from the status quo to form self-sufficient farming communities, transition towns and egalitarian co-ops able to provide for the majority of their members' needs. Instead, they simply want to envision that everything will get better overall in Life after a spell. Yet, here we are all together stuck in a situation in which there exist seven billion humans all needing food, water, shelter and other things while increasing in number at a rate unprecedented in human history. All together, we're digging up and plowing every parcel of land on which we can manage to lay our hands. We're trawling and dredging every ocean and sea onto which we can stake our claims. We're damming every waterway that can be controlled. We're pumping and polluting the world's fresh water supply faster than it can be replenished, using up other resources in entirety, turning the Earth's oceans into acid, fouling the atmosphere, scarring the land with deep mining holes, blowing up mountains to extract their coal and, in exchange, creating mountains of trash. Simultaneously, we're methodically ripping apart the planet's forests at the rate of about one acre per second, destroying multitudinous species one after another, creating climate change on a scale that staggers the imagination, and generating explosions of radiation to blow into every outdoors nook and cranny in existence. (Recent news headlines include Radiation Readings in Fukushima Reactor Rise to Highest Since Crisis Began. Imagine the hubris of a species that refuses to learn from Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Three Mile Island and Chernobyl, such that even now the desire exists to build even more nuclear plants and A-bombs!)

Although developing economies such as China and India that have now become major emitters of greenhouse gases must do their best to limit their emissions, the fact remains that the developed economies must do what is necessary to prevent the looming environmental tipping point. The critical question is this: why haven’t policies sufficient to reduce and reverse the trend of environmental degradation, especially the critical emission of carbon dioxide, already been adopted by the developed economies? The answer is that many politicians, business leaders and voters believe their political power, their profits or their incomes would be negatively affected by more robust environmental policies. Their shortsightedness is preventing the adoption of the policies that are necessary to prevent the coming of the tipping point within the next few decades.

Global Community Ministry of World Population.

Moratorium on world population and the fertility rate, and ending population warfare.

( see enlargement )

( see enlargement )

Reproductive health services can help. Voluntary family planning and other reproductive health services can help couples avert high-risk pregnancies, prevent unwanted childbearing and abortion, and avoid diseases such as HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections, that can lead to death, disability, and infertility.

Comprehensive reproductive health services, especially care in pregnancy and childbirth and for sexually transmitted infections, are key to preventing disability and death and improving women's health. Better access to emergency care during childbirth and safe abortion services would also contribute significantly to lower maternal death rates. Family planning diminishes risks associated with frequent childbearing and helps reduce reliance on abortion.

An important obstacle to couple negotiation of contraceptive use and protection from STDs including HIV is that most women have unequal access to resources and decision-making. Yet women are more vulnerable to the consequences of unplanned pregnancies and often HIV/STI's. For these reasons, countering the prevailing gender stereotypes that increase risky behaviors and decrease couple communication is a key strategy for promoting good reproductive health.

Individuals, too, can help bring about a world that is more secure and more supportive of Life, health and happiness. They can educate themselves on population dynamics, consumption patterns and the impact of these forces on natural resources and the environment. They can be socially, politically and culturally active to elevate the issues they care about. They can become more environmentally responsible in their purchasing decisions and their use of energy and natural resources. And individuals and couples can consider the impacts of their reproductive decisions on their communities and the world as a whole.

Despite dramatic improvements in survival, nutrition, and education over recent decades, today’s children face an uncertain future. Successful societies invest in their children’s futures and protect their rights. However, many politicians and governments in the world still do not consider such an investment as a priority. Even in rich countries, many children, especially in marginalized groups including indigenous people and ethnic minorities still suffer from hunger or live in conditions of total poverty.  

Data show the largely negative impact the commercial sector on the well-being of children in all countries, with companies promoting addictive or unhealthy commodities, such as fast food, sugar sweetened beverages, alcohol, tobacco, gambling, and social media. Companies make huge profits from marketing products directly to children and promoting addictive or unhealthy commodities, all of which are major causes of non­communicable diseases. The commercial sector’s profit motive poses many threats to child health and wellbeing, not least the environmental damage unleashed by unregulated industry. Children around the world are enormously exposed to advertising from business, whose marketing techniques exploit their developmental vulnerability and whose products can harm their health and wellbeing.  

The world’s countries agrees to leave future generations with a cleaner and healthier world. Early investments in children’s health, education, and development have benefits that compound throughout the child’s Lifetime, for their future children, and society as a whole. As our economies become more knowledge-based, and the use of telecommuting thus making it easy to learn and work from home, education has become more and more important.  

Global Civilizational State found evidence that the ecological base is the essential prerequisite for the effectiveness and exercise of all rights recognized for human beings. The stewardship of the ecological base has to be given priority before the fulfilment of various economic and social wishes. Demands resulting from the socio-economic system of a particular country have to find their limits in the protection of the global ecosystem. Vital interests of future generations have to be considered as having priority before less vital interests of the present generation. Supply chains have to be designed in a way that the goods can enter after usage or consumption into natural or industrial recycling processes. If serious damages to persons, animals, plants and the ecosystem cannot be excluded, an action or pattern of behaviour should be refrained from. A measure for supplying goods or services should choose a path which entails the least possible impact on the ecological and social system concerned. This way functioning proven systems will not be disturbed and unnecessary risks will not be taken. Supply strategies consuming fewer resources should have preference before those enhancing more resource consumption. When there is a need to find a solution to a problem or a concern, a sound solution would be to choose a measure or conduct an action, if possible, which causes reversible damage as opposed to a measure or an action causing an irreversible loss.

The development and evolution of the West are in large part the factors which enabled the West to take the lead in modernizing itself and non-Western societies. These factors were truly concepts, practices, and institutions which have been more prevalent in the West than in non-Western civilizations. Over time, characteristics of Western civilization have been defined by religion and moral principles, human rights, language, ancestry, history, ethnic groups, customs and laws, and also by maintaining a meaningful independent existence, and ways of Life. America is the distinct core-state civilization of the West. Inevitably, the fate of the United States within the West grouping of states depends upon Americans asserting strongly once more their commitment to Western civilization and today, their commitment to the Global Civilizational State which is seen by global citizens as the guardian, custodian and embodiment of Western civilization.

The effect of the expansion of the West has promoted both the modernization and the Westernization of non-Western societies. However modernization does not necessarily mean Westernization. Non-Western societies can modernize and have modernized without abandoning their own cultures and adopting wholesale Western values, institutions, and practices. In short, modernization has meant a great victory and achievement of Global Civilizational State on Earth.

In modern era, Western civilization, the West, is referred to the European-American civilization and America has become the land of freedom, equality, opportunity, the future, and is a distinct core-state civilization. Not so much ideologies, simply economics and politics now differentiate peoples of different civilizations. Nevertheless, cultures, ways of Life, ways of doing things have been the most distinguishing characteristics. Those characteristics have been defined by religion, language, ancestry, history, communities, ethnic groups, customs, nations, and also by major levels of classification being civilizations.

In a multicivilizational world, there are core values which different ethnic and religious societies have in common. The constructive course is to renounce global culture, accept diversity, and seek commonalities. Commonalities exist between Asia and the West. Whatever the degree to which humankind is divided, the world's major religions, Western Christianity, Orthodoxy, Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, Confucianism, Taoism, Judaism, also share key values in common. A more inclusive Global Civilizational State can emerge gradually through the exploration and expansion of these commonalities. Peace in a multicivilizational world is the finding of those commonalities and so peoples in all civilizations should search for and attempt to expand the values, institutions, and practices they have in common with peoples of other civilizations.

Now, let us have a more specific definition and understanding of non-Western civilizations. Non-Western societies, such as those in East Asia, are expanding their economic wealth, political strength, military power, claiming their own cultural values and letting go those constrained on them by the West. Nations with cultural similarities cooperate economically and politically. For instance, East Asian economic success has its primary source in East Asian culture. Power has shifted from the predominant West to non-Western civilizations, and global politics has become multipolar and multicivilizational.

For China, unity is its first priority. The Chinese state enjoys a very different kind of relationship with society compared with the Western state. It enjoys much greater natural authority, legitimacy and respect, even though not a single vote is cast for the government. The reason is that the state is seen by the Chinese people as the guardian, custodian and embodiment of their civilization. The duty of the state is to protect its unity. The legitimacy of the state therefore lies deep in Chinese history. This is utterly different from how the state is seen by Western societies.

As a modern state, China accepts the concept of the sovereign equality of states and prevailing conceptions of human rights. China is unique due to the many traditions and features originating from its civilization. This is also the key conceptual difference between a civilizational state and a civilization-state. The civilizational state represents an amalgamation of an old civilization and a modern nation-state. On the other hand, a civilization-state reflects the tension between the two. As a civilizational state, China is both old and young, both traditional and modern, both Chinese and global. At least eight features can be derived from the civilizational state of China: 1) a very large population, 2) a vast territoty, 3) very long traditions, 4) a unique language, 5) richest cultural heritages, 6) a political system with Chinese characteristics, 7) a distinctive society, 8) and a unique way of running an economy.

Within China development model, the main features of the civilizational state (population, territory, tradition and culture) all constitute China's greatest strengths. China has the richest human resources and potentially the largest consumer market; China has an unparalleled geopolitical and geoeconomic status; China has its tradition of independent thinking, and has the richest cultural resources in the world. China is a civilizational state generating its own standards and values and making unique contributions to the world civilizations. China's civilizational state has a strong capability to draw on the strengths of other nations while maintaining its own identity. The Chinese people have a deep respect of Nature and have applied the secular application of ethics and political philosophy to social, economic, and political governance. Chinese culture is more inclusive than exclusive, within the broad conceptual framework of the Confucian idea of 'unity in diversity". The greatest wisdom of a civilizational state is its long tradition of seeking common ground while differences are set apart, and this wisdom is first reflected in the Chinese language.

Chinese characters are commonly made up of various components, and the components often give a hint of the pronunciation and the meaning of the word, and they are structured in such a way that they often follow the principle of "seeking common ground while reserving differences".The Chinese language seems to underline the fact that seeking commonality from diversity is a trait of Chinese culture. The governance of a civilizational state follows the same logic, and if one can focus on seeking the commonalities of different interest groups, one stands a better chance of solving the tensions among them, whether it is a tension between regions, between enterprises, between social groups, between rich and poor, or because of global right issues.

Earth has long been waiting for a truly global governing body based on universal values, global rights, global concepts and democracy. We might as well start this new way of doing things creating process now, there is no longer any reason to wait. But then Global Civilizational State is already here. As never before in history, common destiny beckons us to seek a new beginning. It requires a new sense of global interdependence and universal responsibility. We must develop and apply the vision of a sustainable way of Life locally, nationally, regionally, globally, and within ourselves throughout Life. Our cultural diversity is a precious heritage and different cultures will find their own distinctive ways to realize the vision.

Global Civilizational State has now a Vision of the Earth in Year 2024 and a sense of direction. Global Civilizational State embarks on a new path in history, the inevitability of global societies living, sharing, and creating symbiotical relationships interactively is, beyond doubt, that which we must confront. Our creativity today may influence tomorrow's socio-economic strategies and contribute to the evolution of human societies - an evolution directed towards a global partnership and cooperation with each other for survival.

In order to build a sustainable global community, each individual, each local community, and national governments of the world must initiate their commitment to Global Civilizational State.

Global Civilizational State was defined as a social, and political movement in the sense of having a broad organizational structure and an ideology aimed at governing. The environmental movement, within Global Civilizational State, expresses the concerns of groups of people regarding depletion of water, clean air, climate change aspects, degradation of land and other changes in ecosystems affecting traditional patterns of natural resources exploitation. Global Civilizational State has taken the role of helping these groups in protecting and managing the environment by coordinating their efforts.

Global Civilizational State is aware that religious beliefs, traditional customs and standards could burden the sustainability of all Life on Earth. They could burden Earth society or any society forever, and holds individuals in a straitjacket. We cannot accept that. No one can! There are choices to be made, and we must make them. Cultures can develop and can go on developing. Even religious beliefs may evolve. We are living now, and we are able to create these changes. We are at least as bright, most certainly brighter, than the people who were living thousand of years ago.

Global Civilizational State opposes environmental, economic, population and military warfares. Global Civilizational State was first to oppose any type of invasion of a people by another people. Today, an invasion is either an environmental, economic, population or military offensive in which large numbers of combatants of one geopolitical entity aggressively enter territory owned by another such entity, generally with the objective of either conquering; liberating or re-establishing control or authority over a territory; forcing the partition of a country; altering the established government or gaining concessions from said government; or a combination thereof. An invasion can be the cause of a war, be a part of a larger strategy to end a war, or it can constitute an entire war in itself. Due to the large scale of the operations associated with invasions, they are usually strategic in planning and execution. Global Civilizational State has been witnessing such different types of walfares for decades. And now is time to stop all types of invasion no matter what they maybe.

The oldest known evidence of social units that have ever existed show that humans were adapting and evolving with time through generations. Human history stretches through generations, is the history of civilizations. Civilization and culture both refer to the overall way of Life of a people, and involve the values, beliefs, norms, institutions, social structures, and modes of thinking to which successive generations in a given society. As such, a civilization is the most extensive cultural entity and, therefore, villages, regions, ethnic groups, nationalities, religious groups, all have distinct cultures. A civilization being the highest cultural grouping of people, and it is defined by language, history, religion, customs, and institutions. The composition and shapes of civilizations change over time. The cultures of peoples interact and overlap. Empires rise and fall; governments come and go; but civilizations remain and survive political, social, economic, even difficult ideological changes. Civilizations being cultural and not political entities, they do not maintain order, establish justice, collect taxes, fight wars, negotiate treaties, or any other things which governments do. A civilization may contain one or many political organizations such as city states, empires, federations, confederations, nation states, and multinational states.

Global Civilizational State implies the cultural coming together of humanity and the acceptance of common values, beliefs, orientations, practices, and institutions by people throughout the world. Human beings in almost all societies share basic values.

People in most societies have a strong moral sense, a morality of basic concepts of what is right and wrong. If people have shared a few fundamental values and institutions throughout history, this may explain some constants in human behavior but it cannot explain history, which consists of changes in human behavior. If a Global Civilizational State common to all humanity exists, what term do we then use to identify the major cultural groupings of humanity? Humanity is divided into subgroups such as tribes, nations, and broader cultural entities usually called civilizations. If the term civilization is elevated to what is common to humanity as a whole then the largest cultural groupings of people would be a single Global Civilizational State, that is a variety of cultures, of peoples, of religious worlds, of historical traditions, and historically formed attitudes. Confusion occurs by restricting 'civilization' to the global level and designing as 'cultures' or 'subcivilizations' those largest cultural entities which have historically always been called civilizations.

In order to understand the rise of a civilizational state and of Global Civilizational State as a global civilizational state, it is useful to understand the concept of a nation-state. A nation-state generally refers to a state made up of people who share some common traits such as language, religion and way of Life. Europe is the birthplace of nation-states, and nationalism pushed much of Europe's nationhood and modernization, and also proved to be a major cause of conflicts and wars. During the 18th and 19th centuries, nation-states emerged one after another in Europe, the earliest nation-state being France. Our first description of a civilization with nation-states will be that of the Western civilization which emerged about A.D. 700 or 800. It has three major components: Europe, North America, and Latin America. A civilization is generally defined as an advanced state of human society with important characteristics.

( see enlargement )

Some of the most important characteristics of the Western civilization include:

a) Western Christianity, namely Catholicism and Protestantism, is the most important characteristic of Western civilization. There exists a well-developed sense of community among Western Christian peoples.

b) Language is second only to religion as a factor distinguishing people of one culture from those of another.The West differs from most other civilizations in its multiplicity of languages such as Japanese, Hindi, Manderin, Russian, and Arabic. The West inherited Latin from its past.

c) God and Caesar, church and state, spiritual authority and temporal authority, have been a prevailing dualism in Western culture. The separation between church and state that typify Western civilization have existed in no other civilization. This division of authority contributed immeasurably to the development of freedom in the West.

d) The concept of the centrality of law to civilized existence was inherited from the Romans. The tradition of the rule of law laid the basis for constitutionalism and the protection of human rights, including property rights, against the exercise of arbitrary power. In most other civilizations law was a much less important factor in shaping thought and behavior.

e) Historically Western society has been highly pluralistic and that was a distinguishing characteristic, the rise of diverse autonomous groups not based on blood relationship or marriage. These groups included monasteries, monastic orders, guilds, and a variety of other associations and societies. Most Western European societies included a strong and autonomous aristocracy, a peasantry, and a class of merchants and traders.

f) Social pluralism gave rise to estates, parliaments, and other institutions to represent the interests of the aristocracy, clergy, merchants, and other groups. These bodies provided forms of representation which in the course of modernization evolved into the institutions of modern democracy. They provided a vehicle for expanded political participation. Then movements for self-government developed in cities and spread forcing bishops, local barons, and other nobles to share power with the people. Representation at the national level was thus supplemented by a measure of autonomy at the local level.
g) Over time emerged a sense of individualism and a tradition of individual rights and liberties unique among civilized societies, even claims for equal rights for all individuals. Again and again both Westerners and non-Westerners point to individualism as the central distinguishing mark of the West.

These concepts, practices, and institutions have been more prevalent in the West than in non-Western civilizations. They are in large part the factors which enabled the West to take the lead in modernizing itself and the world. The expansion of the West has promoted both the modernization and the Westernization of non-Western societies. Today, the total rejection of modernization is hardly possible in a world becoming overwhelmingly modern and highly interconnected. Only the very most extreme fundamentalists reject modernization. The religious values, moral assumptions, and social structures of the non-Western societies are at best alien, and sometime hostile, to the values and practices of individualism. Even extreme proponents of anti-Westernism and the revitalization of indigenous cultures do not hesitate to use modern techniques of e-mail, computers, compact discs, USB devices, the Internet, and television to promote their cause. So modernization does not necessarily mean Westernization. Non-Western societies can modernize and have modernized without abandoning their own cultures and adopting wholesale Western values, institutions, and practices. In short, modernization means a great victory and achievement of Global Civilizational State on Earth.

Because of modernization, global politics today is being reconfigured along cultural lines and civilizations. And of course, Global Civilizational State is finally giving its historical place as the global solution to saving humanity, and all other Lifeforms on Earth, from complete extinction. Peoples and countries with similar cultures are coming together. Alignments defined by ideology and superpower relations are giving way to alignments defined by culture and civilization. A civilization may also include people who share in and identify with its culture, but who live in states dominated by members of another civilization. Civilizations usually have one or more places viewed by their members as the principal source or sources of the civilization's culture. These sources are often located within the core state or states of the civilization, that is, its most powerful and culturally central state or states.

( see enlargement )

The components of order in today's more complex and heterogenous world are found within and between civilizations. The world will be ordered on the basis of civilizations or not at all. In this world the core states of civilizations are sources of order within civilizations and, through negotiations with other core states, between civilizations.

America is the land of freedom, equality, opportunity, the future, and is a distinct core-state civilization. Not so much ideologies, but economics and politics differentiate peoples of different civilizations. Nevertheless, cultures, ways of Life, ways doing things have been the most distinguishing characteristics. Those characteristics have been defined by religion, language, ancestry, history, communities, ethnic groups, customs, nations, and also by major levels of classification being civilizations.

Instead of promoting the supposedly global features of one global civilization, the requisites for cultural coexistence demand a search for what is common to most civilizations. It is a search for a Global Civilizational State. In a multicivilizational world, the constructive course is to renounce global culture, accept diversity, and seek commonalities. There are core values which different ethnic and religious societies have in common.

The West, especially the United States, believe that peoples from the non-Western civilizations should commit themselves to the Western values of democracy, free markets, limited government, human rights, individualism, the rule of law, and should embody these values in their institutions. What is Global Civilizational State to the West is imperialism to the rest of the world. The West will continue to attempt to sustain its preeminent position and defend its interests by defining interests of Global Civilizational State . Through the World Bank and the IMF, and other international economic institutions, the West is attempting to integrate the economies of non-Western societies into a global economic system which it dominates.

Having achieved political independence, non-Western societies wish to free themselves from Western economic, military, and cultural domination. East Asian societies are well on their way to equaling the West economically. Asian and Islamic countries are looking for shortcuts to balance the West militarily. The global aspirations of Western civilization, the declining relative power of the West, and the increasing cultural assertiveness of other civilizations ensure generally difficult relations between the West and the rest of the world.

( see enlargement )


( see enlargement )


( see enlargement )

Commonalities exist between Asia and the West. Whatever the degree to which humankind is divided, the world's major religions, Western Christianity, Orthodoxy, Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, Confucianism, Taoism, Judaism, also share key values in common. A more inclusive Global Civilizational State can emerge gradually through the exploration and expansion of these commonalities. Peace in a multicivilizational world is the finding of commonalities: peoples in all civilizations should search for and attempt to expand the values, institutions, and practices they have in common with peoples of other civilizations. This effort would contribute to strengthening Global Civilizational State which is a complex mix of higher levels of morality, religion, learning, art, philosophy, technology, and material wellbeing.

Now, let us have a more specific definition and understanding of non-Western civilizations. Non-Western societies, such as those in East Asia, are expanding their economic wealth, political strength, military power, claiming their own cultural values and letting go those constrained on them by the West. Nations with cultural similarities cooperate economically and politically. For instance, East Asian economic success has its primary source in East Asian culture. Power has shifted from the predominant West to non-Western civilizations, and global politics has become multipolar and multicivilizational.

Having defined what was meant by a nation-state, and a core-state within civilizations, and to a great extent within Western civilization, a much different attitude toward Life in society can be found in non-Western civilizations, especially in China.

China as a civilization-state has a history of several thousands years, and Chinese people lived on its soil and evolved its own unique civilization. The concept of a "civilization-state" was applied to mean that China was still faced with many difficulties when it was trying to make the transition from a civilization-state to a nation-state, and the Western-states blamed China's thousands of years of civilization for being a burden on its effort to build a modern state. In other words, being a civilization-state, China found it hard to evolve modern laws, economics, defense, education and political governance. Today's China has established an unprecendented modern state system which includes a unified government, market, economy, education, law, defense, finance and taxation. Yet the Chinese people still retains their many traditions associated with a civilization-state, and these traditions are playing a vital role today in China's success. China is a civilization-state, which is defined by its extraordinarily long history and also its huge geographic scale and social diversity. For China, unity is its first priority, and plurality the condition of its existence, and that is why China could offer Hong Kong "one country two systems", a model alien to a nation-state. The Chinese state enjoys a very different kind of relationship with society compared with the Western state. It enjoys much greater natural authority, legitimacy and respect, even though not a single vote is cast for the government.

In China's long history, all governments are expected to show special concern for improving people's livelihood, tackel natural and man-made disasters, and cope with all the challenges posed by China's huge population and vast territory. It is unimaginable that most Chinese would ever accept the so-called multi-party democratic system with a change of central government every four years. The Communist Party of China (CPC) is not a party as the concept "party" is understood in the West. In essence, the CPC continues the long tradition of a unified Confucian ruling entity, which represents the interest of the whole society, rather than a Western-style political party which openly represents group interests. In China, political ideas and practices over the past millennia are the most important source of the Chinese perception of legitimacy. One could well apply the Chinese concept of "selection of talents based on meritocracy" to the Western society and question the Western concept of legitimacy. Without this legitimacy based on meritocracy, how could a regime be qualified to govern? How could a regime be accountable to its people and to the world?

Within the Global Civilizational State of Western civilization, the United States is the first rotating strong leader of the nation-states, other member states would include Canada, Mexico, Great Britain, Iceland, Denmark, New Zealand, Australia, and perhaps other nation-states from Latin America or elsewhere in the world. All nation-states within the Global Civilizational State share similar cultural commonalities and core values. These nation-states also agree to developing close forms of economic and political integration to supplement their security collaboration in NATO. Political integration also mean being part of a Global Government. A statement on Governance, and particularly on core values by America, would be a necessary prerequisite to a Global Dialogue and meeting of the nation-states interested in forming the Global Civilizational State.

A successful Global Civilizational State for all Life on Earth is on the horizon. Let us lead the world toward a Global Civilizational State. A Global Civilizational State leadership in which core states play a leading or dominating role is a global government type world of leadership. It is a leadership in which the exercise of influence by the core state is tempered and moderated by the common culture it shares with member states of its civilization. Cultural commonality legitimates the leadership and order-imposing role of the core state for both member states and for the external powers and institutions. In any given region where there is a dominant state peace can be achieved and maintained only through the leadership of that core state. Regional power becomes responsible and legitimate when exercised by core states in relation to other members of their civilization. A core state can perform its ordering function because member states perceive it as cultural kin. When civilizations lack core states the problems of creating order within civilizations or negotiating order between civilizations become more difficult. Where core states exist, they are the central elements of the new international order based on civilizations.

Past and present major civilizations are: Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Persian, South Asian, East Asian, Mesoamerican, Andean, Sinic (Chinese), Japanese, Indian, Islamic, Western, Orthodox, Latin American, Sub-Saharan Africa, Oceanian, Ukraine-Mongolian, Ancient India, and Russian.

So in addition to disagreements as to whether given civilizations are still alive or defunct, there is also discord as to which are parts and which wholes. Some civilizations are defined on a religious criterion, some on a geographic-regional criterion, some on an ethnic-national criterion, some civilizations are seen as independent, and others are seen as to be dependent upon other civilizations. While some civilizations covered relatively little territory, the extent of their influence nonetheless merits the term " civilization". The following list show most well known civilizations in the world.

In this paper we describe what are possible surviving solutions for Life on Earth, and even attempt to promote what a system of global governance consisting of a more meaningful union in the form of nine or more Global Governments. The Federation of Global Governments would be the place of meeting between Global Governments. A Global Government is concerned not only with economics and trade, but also with the environment, health, agriculture, energy, food, social, cultural and many other essential aspects.

The very first step of the Federation, and maybe the only one for several decades ahead of us, would be the approval of essential services amongst the participating member nations. We want each Global Government to take a larger share of responsibility of the specific region where it operates, and be more accountable to the people of that region, and to all Life on Earth. The power of the Federation was de-centralized to give each Global Government a better chance to find the right solutions to global issues in its specific area. A Global Government can act faster and be more effective and efficient in the context of Global Civilizational State, this great, wide, wonderful world made of all these diverse global communities within each nation. Global Civilizational State becomes thus more fluid and dynamic. A global symbiotical relationship is created between nations and the Federation for the good of all groups participating in the relationship and for the good of humanity, all Life on Earth. The relationship allows a global equitable and peaceful development. This is the basic concept that is allowing us to group willing member nations from different parts of the world.

As an example, the fates of the United States and of the West depend upon Americans asserting again strongly their commitment to Western civilization. At home, this means rejecting the divisive urgent need of multiculturalism. Internationally it means letting go the elusive and illusory calls to identify the United States with Asia. Whatever economic connections may exist between them, the fundamental cultural gap between Asian and American societies precludes their joining together in a common home. Americans are culturally part of the Western family; multiculturalists may damage and even destroy that relationship but they cannot replace it. When Americans look for their cultural roots, they find them in Europe.

As Western countries increasingly interact with increasingly powerful non-Western societies they become more and more aware of their common Western cultural core that binds them together. If North America and Europe renew again their moral Life, build on their cultural commonality, and develop close forms of economic and political integration to supplement their security collaboration in NATO, they could generate a third Euroamerican phase of Western economic affluence and political influence. Meaningful political integration would in some measure counter the relative decline in the West's share of the world's people, economic product, and military capabilities and revive the power of the West in the eyes of the leaders of other civilizations. Whether the West comes together politically and economically depends overwhelmingly on whether the United States reaffirms its identity as a Western nation and defines its global role as the leader of Western civilization.

The most important parts of any culture or civilization are language and religion. Then a Global Civilizational State emerging would require a global language and a global religion. But this is not happening. Diplomats, businessmen, scientists, tourists, and the services catering to them, airline pilots and air traffic controllers, need some means of efficient communication with each other, and now do it largely in English. English is the world's way of communicating interculturally. The use of English is the intercultural communication, a tool for communication not a source of identity and community. Precisely because people want to preserve their own culture they use English to communicate with peoples of other cultures. The most widely spoken languages are English, Mandarin, Spanish, French, Arabic, Russian.

As the power of the West gradually declines relative to that of other civilizations, the use of English and other Western languages in other societies and for communications between societies will also slowly erode. For instance, China has displaced the West as the dominant civilization in the world, English will give way to Manderin as the world's language. Social and political pressures increasingly lead to the more general use of indigenous languages, Arabic displacing French in North Africa, Urdu, the official language of Pakistan, and is also widely used in India and elsewhere, is supplanting English as the language of government and education in Pakistan, and indegenous language media replacing English media in India.

In an increasingly globalized world characterized by historically exceptional degrees of civilizational, societal, and other modes of interdependence and widespread consciousness, there is an exacerbation of civilizational, societal, and ethnic self-consciousness. The global religious revival, the return of the sacred, is a response to people's perception of the world as a single place, Earth.

Today the evidence-based argument for the appearance of a Global Civilizational State is really the result of the broad processes of modernization that have been going on since the eighteenth century. Modernization involves industrialization, urbanization, increasing levels of literacy, education, wealth, social mobilization, and more complex and diversified occupational structures. It is a product of the tremendous expansion of scientific and engineering knowledge beginning in the eighteenth century that made it possible for humans to control and shape their environment in totally unprecedented ways. Modernization is a revolutionary process comparable only to the shift from primitive to civilized societies that is, the appearance of Global Civilizational State . The attitudes, values, knowledge, and culture of people in a modern society differ greatly from those in a traditional society. As the first civilization to modernize, the West leads in the acquisition of the culture of modernity. As other societies acquire similar patterns of education, work, wealth, and class structure, the argument runs, this modern Western culture will become the new culture for Global Civilizational State . Modern societies could resemble each other more than do traditional societies because the increased interaction among modern societies may not generate a common culture but it does facilitate the transfer of techniques, inventions, and practices from one society to another with a speed and to a degree that were impossible in the traditional world.

A traditional society was based on agriculture; modern society is based on industry, which may evolve from the handicrafts to classic heavy industry to knowledge-based industry. Patterns of agriculture and the social structure which goes with them are much more dependent on the natural environment than are patterns of industry. They vary with soil and climate and thus may give rise to different forms of land ownership, social sturcture, and government. Agriculture depends on the construction and operation of massive irrigation systems and so does foster the appearance of centralized and bureaucratic authorities. Rich soil and good climate are likely to encourage development of large-scale plantation agriculture and a consequent social structure involving a small class of wealthy landowners and a large class of peasants, slaves, or serfs who work the plantations. Conditions inhospitable to large-scale agriculture may encourage the appearance of a society of independent farmers. In agricultural societies, in short, social structure is often shaped by geography.

Within a given territory, a civilization can exert significant cultural influence upon the included nations. The meaning of the term civilization has changed several times during its history, and even today it is used in several ways. It is commonly used to describe human societies showing a high level of cultural and technological development, as opposed to what many consider to be less advanced societies. This definition, however, is unclear, subjective, and it carries with it assumptions no longer accepted by modern scholarship on how human societies have changed during their long past. Over time, civilizations developed as an end product of social or political evolution. Many of the social forces that in the past were believed to inevitably lead to the development of cities and nations do not always lead to that result. The diversity of human experience seems too complex and vast for our concepts to fit reality perfectly. Each human society is shaped by its own unique set of circumstances.

Urban centers include cities and villages throughout the territory occupied by a specific civilization. Agricultural management and storage is important because it allows people to ensure their future livelihood, rather than just scrounge for food on a day-by-day basis. Irrigation management allows for the growth of crops, and in some cases, clean drinking water and even plumbing. Keeping global food production in alignment of human population growth involves balancing the costs of inadequate diets against those associated with exceeding the limits of sustainable agriculture. Those limits are set by: losses of farmland to other uses; diminishing opportunities for irrigation; erosion and degradation of soils; biological limits to yield increases; diminishing returns from fertilizer use; chemical pest-control problems; declining genetic diversity of crops and their wild relatives; depressed yields from increased ultraviolet-B radiation and pollutants; possible rapid climate change and sea-level rise; and a general deterioration of the free services supplied to agriculture by natural ecosystems. Dramatic declines in human fertility, ecologically sustainable agriculture, preservation of biodiversity, and revised socioeconomic policies are essential to preventing further reductions of Earth's long-term carrying capacity.

The need for defense soon led to the growth of governments. Governments organize and regulate human activity. They also provide for smooth interaction between individuals and groups. In the first civilizations, governments usually were led by monarchs, kings or queens, oligarchs, who rule a kingdom, or who organized armies to protect their populations and made laws to regulate their citizens lives.

A new social structure based on economic and money power also arose. Rulers and an upper class of religious leaders, government officials, and warriors dominated society.

The demand of the upper class for luxury, fancy and expensive items, such as jewelry and pottery, encouraged artisans and craftspeople to create new products. As urban populations exported finished goods to neighboring populations in exchange for raw materials, organized trade began to grow. Because trade brought new civilizations into contact with one another, it often led to the transfer of new technology, such as metals for tools and new farming techniques, from one region to another.

A written language unites a people, and allows them to communicate ideas with one another. Writing was an important feature in the Life of these new civilizations. Above all, rulers, religious leaders, merchants, businessmen and businesswomen, and artisans used writing to keep accurate records. Of course, not all civilizations depended on writing to keep records. The Inca in Peru, for example, relied on well-trained memory experts to keep track of their important matters. Eventually, the earliest civilizations used writing for creative expression as well as for record keeping. This produced the world's first works of literature.

Craftsmanship technology allows for the building of complex structures, tools, and art. Significant artistic activity was another feature of the new civilizations. Architects built temples and pyramids as places for worship or sacrifice, or for the burial of kings and other important people. Painters and sculptors portrayed stories of nature. They also provided depictions, drawings of the rulers and gods they worshiped.

Let us now define what economic system should be used to govern our planet. What would be best is a "democratic socialism plus". The "plus" means added essential elements for governing sustainably. For instance, people would have free health care, free education at all levels, and employment for everyone. People would control and manage natural resources at all stages: exploration, production, transportation, manufacturing and distribution. A Global Trade and Resource Ministry would be formed to look after the management of naturel resources worlwide.

"Democratic socialism plus" advocates that the control and management of natural resources be under the control of the people. The 1 % super rich people worldwide who thrive within capitalism, must be overthrown. This new way of governing can be achieve through legitimate democratic means by voting in a party that represents this way of governing. "Democratic socialism plus" implies public owership, not private ownership of natural resources.

"Democratic socialism plus" accommodates dissent and opposing points of view. It ensures a society free from oppression and midnight knocks. It fights dictatorships and control of the super rich 1% of the world population over the natural resources on the planet which caused the planetary state of emergency crisis worlwide, an environmental crisis, a global warming out of control, a climate change crisis, a Life extinction crisis, and a widespread Life extinctions.

The quality of Earth governance is reflected in each local community worldwide. Global Community will show leadership by creating a global civil ethic within our ways of Life. Global Constitution describes all values needed for good global governance: mutual respect, tolerance, respect for Life, justice for all everywhere, integrity, and caring. The Scale of global Rights has become an inner truth and the benchmark of the millennium in how everyone sees all values.

The argument for 'free trade' insists on that countries should specialize in certain products that they are good at producing and buy from other countries what they are not good at producing, so that the economy is more efficient. What kind of efficiency is it, when the pieces of a product are sent half way around the world to be assembled in a country with cheap labour, then shipped back to be sold? It may be profitable to some businesses, but it is a waste of time and energy as well as resources, and moving products this way is not environmentally friendly and is a threat to the global Life-support systems. What kind of efficiency is that? Huge amounts of money are spent on marketing to get people to buy things that they don't need. Where is the efficiency in that?

Perceiving and understanding the human population in its role as a consumer is very important because consumers collectively spend two thirds of a country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). They buy and influence the purchase of an increasingly wide array of products. Despite the fact that we are making consumer decisions in an emerging Global Civilizational State , people are still being taught how to be "good consumers", when actually the word consume means, "to destroy, use or expend". The enormous productive capacities and market forces of the planet have been committed to satisfying human needs and desires with little overall regard to the short-term or long-term future of Life on the planet, or Life in other nations or in future generations.

Global ministries are a very specific and useful type of symbiotical relationships on Earth. There are urgently needed. Global Community has been promoting the formation of 51 global ministries for the proper governance of Earth.

The formation of global ministries is the most important event in human history. Global Civilizational State values did not all exist at first during the early stage of human evolution. Most of them gradually developed over time. Today, it is not just about 'humanity survival' but also 'all Lifeforms survival' on Earth we are fighting for. We need to create a Global Ministry for the economic sharing, production and distribution of resources on our planet. In fact, we need global ministries for the proper management of the most important global commons, those concerned with the global Life-support systems, without which no one could survive on our planet. Humanity sees the need to manage the world affairs in several aspects of our lives: energy, agriculture, environment, health, Earth resources, Earth management, security and safety, emergencies and rescues, trade, banks, speculation on world markets, peace, family and human development, water resources protection, youth, education, justice, science and technology, finance, human resources, ethics, global rights, sustainable development, industry, and the manufacturing and distribution of products. Global ministries will be given power to rule themselves in harmony with each other.

Realizing that the world global economic development and use of global resources are out of control and forcing a complete collapse of Global Community, and realizing that international trade agreements are all obsolete and primitive, and that all those human activities by large are causing the destruction of livelihood worldwide and that of the next generations, endangering all Lifeforms on the planet, putting in great danger all global ecosysytems, in short threatening the survival of all Life on our planet, we need a complete turn around of our ways of doing things in business and trade, in global development and the management of global resources, and we must replace the United Nations by Global Parliament with the immediate action to form the Global Trade and Resources Ministry as promoted by Global Civilizational State . Other essential global ministries have also been developed and promoted by Global Parliament.

From now on, building global communities for peace require understanding of global problems this generation is facing. There are several major problems: conflicts and wars, no tolerance and compassion for one another, world overpopulation, overconsumption in developed nations, unemployment, insufficient protection and prevention for global health, scarcity of resources and drinking water, poverty, fauna and flora species disappearing at a fast rate, global warming and global climate change, global pollution, permanent lost of the Earth's genetic heritage, and the destruction of the global Life-support systems and the eco-systems of the planet. We need to build global communities that will manage themselves with the understanding of those problems. All aspects are interrelated: global peace, global sustainability, global rights and the environment. The jobless are more concerned with ending starvation, finding a proper shelter and employment, and helping their children to survive. Environmental issues become meaningless to the jobless. In reality, all concerns are interrelated because the ecology of the planet has no boundaries. Obviously, as soon as our environment was destroyed or polluted beyond repair, human suffering is next.

The "Global Civilizational State Movement to Help" is showing us that humanity needs and wants are so destructive to itself and to all Life on Earth that something significant must be done to protect this amazing Life heritage, not just for ourselves but the next generations. Over the last Century humanity has been depleting and degrading the natural capital of Earth, rich agricultural soils, its groundwater stored during ice ages, and its biodiversity. Overpopulation and increasing per capita consumption are major reasons for the depleting of resources. Politicians and business executives are under the delusion that such a disastrous end to the modern human enterprise and institutions can be avoided by technological fixes that will allow the population and the economy to grow forever. People from Wall Street live a dream Life. Our current way of Life is unsustainable. We are the first species that will have to self-consciously impose limits on ourselves if we are to survive. Can we really believe this world can go forward indefinitely, a few decades? We are seeing the end of the era of cheap fossil energy, and there is no viable large-scale replacements for that energy.

( see enlargement )

Earth governance does not imply a lost of state sovereignty and territorial integrity. A nation government exists within the framework of an effective Global Civilizational State protecting common global values and humanity heritage. Earth governance gives a new meaning to the notions of territoriality, and non-intervention in a state way of Life, and it is about protecting the cultural heritage of a state. Diversity of cultural and ethnic groups is an important aspect of Earth governance. Earth governance is a balance between the rights of states with rights of people, and the interests of nations with the interests of Global Civilizational State, the human family, the global civil society. Earth governance is also about the rights of states to self-determination in the global context of Global Civilizational State rather than the traditional context of a world of separate states.

Effective Earth governance requires a greater understanding of what it means to live in a more crowded, interdependent humanity with finite resources and more pollution threatening the global Life-support systems. Global Civilizational State has no other choice but to work together at all levels. The collective power is needed to create a better world. Let us all work together to build a greater and most trusty Global Civilizational State . Earth needs urgently a world system of governance.

The United Nations failed to satisfy the needs of the people of the 21st Century. It has never improved upon the old 20th Century ways and thinking. Its voting system no longer satisfy the 7 billion people on Earth. The challenges are different and require a world organization up for dealing with the needs of all Peoples.

Global Civilizational State vision to saving the world.

Politics and Justice without borders: what we stand for.

Politics and Justice without borders: Global Political Parties


Earth governance at its best vs at its worst.

The peoples of all Nations, in creating an ever closer Global Community among them, a Global Civilizational State, are resolved to share a peaceful future based on common values. Conscious of its spiritual and moral heritage, Global Community is founded on the indivisible, universal values of human dignity, freedom, equality and solidarity; it is based on the principles of democracy and the rule of law. It places the individual at the heart of its activities, by establishing Global Community citizenship, and by creating an era of freedom, security, global justice and social harmony. 

We need ways of organizing ourselves to help us live in a world with less energy and to grow strong caring communities in which we get more of our human satisfaction from caring relationships and less from material goods. We need to reclaim the ideal of being a democratic middle-class people without extremes of wealth and poverty. We need to recover a deep sense of community that has disappeared from many of our lives. This means letting go a sense of ourselves as consumption machines.

An organised global organization has been found with the political will and power to set an absolute ceiling on the amount of carbon based fuels allowed into the economy. Global Civilizational State found evidence that resolving all critical global issues is the essential prerequisite for the effectiveness and exercise of all rights recognized for human beings. We need to build global communities for all Life on the planet. Global Civilizational State will apply the Scale of Global Rights to the most important global issues threatening humanity's survival worldwide.

 These moral virtues and intellectual development stages can catapult the whole planet forward into a future where war is no longer thinkable between nation-states, and a legitimate and beneficial Earth governance, Global Civilizational State, is able to cope with global problems. A more inclusive Global Civilizational State is emerging today, gradually, through the continuous exploration and expansion of evolutionary commonalities between Peoples in all civilizations. Global Civilizational State is actively organized and morally and intellectually powerful to halt all the belligerent nightmares planned and orchestrated by the capitalist war lords now governing the world. Making the needed change is never easy, and can challenge our ingenuity, and unfold the best in us to open the new vistas of human, intellectual and global opportunities. What can we do to avoid this global crisis, or at least to reduce its severity? We must urgently address the problems of global warming and climate change; and we must shift money from military expenditure to the support of birth control programs and agricultural research. We must also replace the institution of war by a system of effective global governance and enforcible international laws. Let us activate the Global Civilizational State leadership in dealing with global issues.

All Life species, humans and cultures, have intrinsic worth. They are subjects, not objects of manipulation or ownership. No humans have the right to own other species, other people or the knowledge of other cultures through patents and other intellectual property rights. Defending biological and cultural diversity is a duty of all people. Diversity is an end in itself, a value, a source of richness both material and cultural. All members of Global Community have the right to food and water, to safe and clean habitat, to security of ecological space. These rights are natural rights, they are birthrights given by the fact of existence on Earth and are best protected through community rights and the Global Commons. They are not given by states or corporations, nor can they be extinguished by state or corporate action. No state or corporation has the right to erode or undermine these natural rights or enclose the commons that sustain all through privatisation or monopoly control.

As universal values, equality, justice and freedoms are concerned with our ability to decide, to choose values and to participate in the making of laws, and they are dependent on the recognition of other people. These values forbid any form of discrimination on the grounds of race, nationality, sex, religion, age or mother tongue. By accepting both values of freedom and equality we can achieve justice. One can be answerable for one's actions in a 'just' way only if judgements are given in the framework of democratically established laws and courts. Social justice is another universal value to which Global Civilizational State aspires and accepts as a universal value. Social justice consists in sharing wealth with a view to greater equality and the equal recognition of each individual's merits. All persons within a given society deserve equal access to goods and services that fulfill basic human needs.

Although the yearning for peace is deep-seated, it has never been achieved during civilisation due to its competitive nature. If we keep capitalism, the ultimate in competitiveness, it will finish us. Peace can’t be attained with military force; one can’t fight for peace or for cooperation, as they’re an outcome of mutual agreements to benefit everyone. Peace is now possible because we have to have it to survive. People have the intellectual and the emotional ability to work out the multitude of changes to enable us to be fully social and survive, if it’s our goal.

Governance and management of Earth resources.
Control over the amounts of greengases produced by human activities and let go into our air must be paramount to governance and management of Earth. The production of greengases involves the destruction of the Oxygen in our air, and its replacement by CO2, a deadly chemical. CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere have been measured at an altitude of about 4,000 meters on the peak of Mauna Loa mountain in Hawaii since 1958. The measurements at this location, remote from local sources of pollution, have clearly shown that atmospheric concentrations of CO2 are increasing. The mean concentration of approximately 316 parts per million by volume (ppmv) in 1958 rose to approximately 369 ppmv in 1998. The annual variation is due to CO2 uptake by growing plants. The uptake is highest in the northern hemisphere springtime. Today in 2013, the concentration is 400 ppmv. And after all the dirty tars sands oil of Alberta, Canada, has been consumed, the concentration will be over 600 ppmv, i.e. the end of civilization as we know it, and the end of most Lifeforms on the planet.

The very first step of the Federation, and maybe the only one for several decades ahead of us, would be the approval of essential services amongst the participating member nations. Global Civilization has researched and developed such services and listed them here. All of them are already in operation on a small scale. A working Global Parliament Constitution is the only way for us all to guarantee essential services, Justice, and protection to every home. Global Parliament is not a World Government or Earth Government. No! It is the Federation of Global Governments. Global Parliament and its Constitution were researched and developed from fundamental principles as opposed to kitchen recipe types of Constitution that follow a set of instructions for a world parliament of some kind. Or as opposed to using the old USA Constitution with its military overtones to invading the world and lobbyists base democracy. Some of those principles we developed are "Global Civilization " and the "Scale of Global Rights". That is what differentiates most our proposal from others. The Federation and its Global Parliament operate as per those principles. The definition of Global Community concept is truly the 21st century "philosophy of Life" framework, some called it the religion of the third millennium, others called it the politics of the future generations now.

Business, trade and ethics.

Global Civilization ethic for a business offers fundamental moral behaviors and irrevocable standards that every corporate citizen and, to some extent if applicable, the public at large may adapt as their own vision for Life's survival on our planet. You need not be religious to make this vision yours. This vision is for all corporate citizens, regardless of their social origin, language, culture, sex, skin color, religious and non-religious. Global Civilization vision creates new hopes, standards, ideals and goals for corporate citizens to embrace freely, and live a Life without fear. Corporate citizens have a binding responsibility for the welfare of all humanity and care for all Life on Earth. Global Civilization ethical grounds for a business are practical, real, and applicable for all corporate women and men of good will, religious and non-religious.

Morality can be derived from a standard that global citizens believe should be universal such as Global Civilization ethic for a business which include all Lifeforms over the entire Universe. Global Civilization ethic for a business aims to identify principles of right action that may be used to guide people in their lives. These principles can be used to decide whether particular courses of action, or particular types of action, are right or wrong. Ethics emphasizes respect for persons, and holds that there are certain actions that should never be done. This is what this paper is about: to describe those principles and propose a list of right actions for a business.

Wherever there are people, there will be conflicts, and ethics can help to resolve conflicts. Global Civilization proposes that such conflicts be resolved without violence and within a framework of justice. People must commit themselves to the most nonviolent, peaceful solutions possible.

This 21st century is very crucial for humanity as it will determine our survival or not as a species and, consequently, the survival of the next generations. Global Civilization is proposing to the world a way to achieve our survival. Critical steps to take now for our survival are:

a)  the acceptance as inner truth and implementation of the Scale of Global Rights ; and
b)  to activate essential global ministries as the most important action of Global Civilization.

Global Civilization is truly the age of symbiotical relationships and global cooperation, promoting and establishing more new, diversified and meaningful symbiotical relationships between nations, communities, and people of the world. Governance of Earth through global cooperation and symbiotical relationships is the only possible option for a large population such as the Earth's population . Global Civilization promotes a culture based on respect and care for Global Civilization of Life and is building democratic societies that are just, participatory, sustainable, and peaceful to:

a.  Ensure that communities at all levels are guaranteed global rights and fundamental freedoms and provide everyone an opportunity to realize his or her full potential.
b.  Promote social and economic justice, enabling all to achieve a secure and meaningful livelihood that is ecologically responsible.
c.  Educate children to understand a broad panorama of human truths ~ all those universal needs and rights every one shares within Global Civilization.
d.  Establish the Scale of Global Rights has an inner truth and the benchmark of the millennium in how we see all values.
e.  Guarantee that the Earth Court of Justice will bring security, peace and Justice for all. We will no longer fear the unknown as Justice is for everyone and is everywhere, a universal constant.

For the first time in human history, and the first time this millennium, Global Civilization has proposed a benchmark:

*   formation of global ministries in all important aspects of our lives;
*   the Scale of Global Rights as a replacement to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights ;
*   an evolved democracy based on Global Civilization principles and values;
*   a central organization for the restoration of the planet and Earth governance: Global Civilization;
*   the Earth Court of Justice to deal with all aspects of the governance and mangement of the Earth;
*   a new impetus given to the way of doing business and trade ;
*   more new, diversified (geographical, economical, political, social, business, religious) symbiotical relationships between nations, communities, businesses, for the good and well-being of all;
*   proposal to reform the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the World Bank, the IMF, NAFTA, FTAA, and to centralize them under Global Civilization, and these organizations will be asked to pay a global tax to be administered by Global Civilization;
*   the Peace Movement of Global Civilization and shelving of the war industry from humanity;
*   a global regulatory framework for capitals and corporations that emphasizes global corporate ethics , corporate social responsibility, protection of global rights, the environment, community and family aspects, safe working conditions, fair wages and sustainable consumption aspects;
*  the ruling by the Earth Court of Justice on the abolishment of the debt of the developing nations as it was really a form of global tax to be paid annually by the rich or industrialized nations to the developing nations; and
*   establishing freshwater and clean air as primordial human rights .

Global Civilization has no intention of changing the status and privileges of state governments. In fact, state governments become primary members of Global Civilization. Global governance can only be effective within the framework of Global Community. There is no such thing as global governance through the work of a few international organizations such as the WTO, the EU, or the United Nations dictating to the rest of the world. These organizations are heading in the wrong direction and are causing conflicts between nations, doing away with democracy, increasing the gap between rich and poor, and creating a culture of violence worldwide, terrorism being a small example of what they can do. That is global leadership gone bad, based on greed and immoral. Global Civilization has put forward a different kind of global leadership, governance and management. As Global Civilization begins to take on a much deeper kind of global leadership, one that earns more respect than envy and more gratitude than hatred, one that can catapult the whole planet forward into a future where war is no longer thinkable between nation-states and a legitimate and beneficial Earth governance is able to cope with global problems.

Earth governance does not imply a lost of state sovereignty and territorial integrity. A nation government exists within the framework of an effective Global Civilization protecting common global values and humanity heritage. Earth governance gives a new meaning to the notions of territoriality, and non-intervention in a state way of Life, and it is about protecting the cultural heritage of a state. Diversity of cultural and ethnic groups is an important aspect of Earth governance. Earth governance is a balance between the rights of states with rights of people, and the interests of nations with the interests of Global Civilization, the human family, the global civil society. Earth governance is also about the rights of states to self-determination in the global context of Global Civilization rather than the traditional context of a world of separate states.

Effective Earth governance requires a greater understanding of what it means to live in a more crowded, interdependent humanity with finite resources and more pollution threatening the global Life-support systems. Global Civilization has no other choice but to work together at all levels. The collective power is needed to create a better world. Let us all work together to build a greater and most trusty Global Civilization. Earth needs urgently a world system of governance. The United Nations failed to satisfy the needs of the people of the 21st Century. It has never improved upon the old 20th Century ways and thinking. Its voting system no longer satisfy the 7 billion people on Earth. The challenges are different and require a world organization up for dealing with the needs of all Peoples.

For the survival of our species on Earth, Earth Environmental Governance can only be achieved successfully within the larger context of Sustainable Developent and Earth Management . All aspects are inter-related and affect one another. A healthy environment is essential to long term prosperity and well-being of societies, and global citizens in Global Civilization demand a high level of ecological protection. This is the 'raison d'etre' of the Scale of Global Rights. The Scale is the guiding tool to sustainability, governance and management of the Earth. Global Civilization gives us a 'sense of direction' for future planning and managing of the Earth. We have the responsibility of managing Earth. Earth management is now well defined and becomes a goal to achieve. We no longer waste energy and resources in things that are absolutely unimportant. Earth management is about

"a sound balance among the interactions of the impacts (positive and/or negative), or stresses, on the four major quality systems: People, Economic Development, Environment and Availability of Earth Resources"

with the idea that free trade and the planetary trading blocks are serving Global Civilization and not the other way around for self-interests and the benefits of a few people on Earth, and that will bring into being a sound sustainable development within Global Civilization. Earth management includes the entire cycle of doing things. When we do exploration work, develop, manufacture, produce, mine, farm or create a product, we become legally and morally responsible and accountable of the product from beginning to end (to the point where it actually becomes a waste; we are also responsible for the proper disposable of the waste). This product may be anything and everything from oil & gas, weapons, war products, construction products, transportation and communications products and equipment, to genetically engineered food products. All consumer products! All medical products! All pharmaceutical products! In order words, a person (a person may be an individual, a community, a government, a business, an NGO, or an institution) becomes responsible and accountable for anything and everything in his or her Life.

A corporation will now be required to operate its business within Global Civilization as per global ehtics:

*   Be concerned with issues such as climate change, bio-diversity, pollution prevention and adopt high standards;
*    Minimize environmental degradation and health impacts;
*   Be responsible for the environmental impact of its products and services throughout their cycle;
*    Adopt a wide environmental code, and policies, health and safety practices and procedures aimed at reducing resource and energy use in each stage of a product or service Life-cycle;
*    Set up appropriate management systems to implement policies;
*    Conduct annual checks and balances and provide reports to the community;
*    Respect the political jurisdiction of national communities;
*    Respect human rights, social and cultural rights ;
*    Recognize its political and economic impact on local communities;
*    Contribute to the long-term social, cultural, environmental and economic sustainability of the local communities;
*    Respect the rights of indigenous peoples, their culture and land, and their religious and social customs; provide employment and training opportunities ;
*    Ensure that each employee is treated with respect and dignity and is not subjected to any physical, sexual, psychological or verbal harassment or abuse;
*    Respect employees' right to freedom of association, labour organization, and free collective bargaining;
*    Provide equal pay for work of equal value;
*    Recognize the responsibilities of all workers to their families, and provide for maternity leave, and paternity leave;
*    Ensure that their be no barriers to the full participation of women within the company;
*    Participate in the creation of child care centres and centres for the elderly and persons with disabilities where appropriate;
*    Ensure no discrimination on grounds of race, ethnicity, or culture;
*    Ensure that persons with disabilities who apply for jobs with the company receive fair treatment and are considered solely on their ability to do the job; provide resources and facilities which enable them to achieve progression in employment in the company;
*    Provide training to all employees to conduct their activities in an environmentally responsible manner;
*    Work with organizations concerned with children's rights, human rights and labour rights to ensure that young workers are not exploited;
*    Ensure that a mechanism is in place to address ethical issues of concern raised by employees;
*    Make sure that the company's policies balance the interests of managers, shareholders, employees, and other affected parties;
*    Adhere to international standards and protocols relevant to its products and services;
*    Adopt marketing practices which protect consumers and ensure the safety of all products;
*    Conduct or support research on the environmental impacts of raw materials, products, processes, emissions and wastes associates with the company and on the means of minimizing such adverse impacts;
*    Make a sustainable use of renewable natural resources such as water, soils and forests;
*    Conserve non-renewable natural resources through efficient use and careful planning; and
*    Conserve energy and improve energy efficiency of internal operations and of the goods and services being sold

There are many different types of consumers, and they all need to be taken into account separately: teen, young adult, elderly, low income, disabled, illiterate, and ethnic. Each type of consumers need to be understood from the point of view of global sustainability; that is a global perspective that challenges materialism and promotes ecological responsibility, humanitarianism, well-being, consumer ethics and Global Civilization concepts. These concepts were developed to sustain Earth and they include world conditions, global problems and issues, global citizenship, stewardship of the ecosystem of the Earth, a moral and a spiritual community, universal values, and global interconnections.

The US has no international mandate to work as the custodian of any world order. There’s nothing called “US exceptionalism” in any textbook on international law or diplomacy. The American military empire, and the environmental harm it spreads, expands far beyond U.S. borders. America has more foreign military bases than any other people, nation, or empire in history, numbering over 1000. This military presence brings large-scale environmental destruction to the land and peoples across the globe through dumping, leaks, weapons testing, energy consumption, and waste. It is a war against wildLife, an assault on the environment and communities. Beyond its immediate carbon footprint—which is difficult to measure—the U.S. military has placed countless countries under the thumb of western oil giants. Social movements have long sounded the alarm over the link between U.S.-led militarism and climate change, yet the Pentagon continues to evade accountability. Invading other nations, overthrow by means of a coup, killing people and destroying buildings, and military occupations of foreign countries are what America's military with the UK and France, and top government contractors, have been doing since WWII. 

COVID 19 has also unmasked quite vividly the global moral divide, during the crisis while some countries extended their helping hands to assist affected countries, others tightened sanctions to deprive some countries of vital medical supplies to ensure that their dying die. The pandemic is not solely a health crisis; it is equally an existential crisis, an impasse in the global civilization that is forcing us to realize that our over dependence and perverse reliance upon natural resources, such as fuel, energy, food and corrupt banking and healthcare services, is fragile. We are learning that at every level there are numerous cracks in our structures of governance and our economic and social bases. Few people, including the mainstream media, now believe there will ever be a return to the normalcy of Life that ended after Wuhan had its first patient infected with the virus. It is time for every individual to reassess her or his priorities. A Life full of well-being is more possible today if we realize the virus has also been our teacher. But it is living a Life that is founded upon simplicity, insight and wisdom, and community rather than consumption and competitive power.

Authors of research papers and articles on global issues for this month

David Anderson, John Scales Avery (2), Subhankar Banerjee, Dr Glen Barry (3), Nadine Campbell, R Chowdhury, Countercurrents Collective (7), Jonathan Cook, Guy Crequie, Bharat Dogra (6), Tiffany Duong, Syed Ehtisham, Dr Andrew Glikson (2), Bill Henderson, Robert Hunziker (5), Yanis Iqbal, Thomas Klikauer(2), Peter Koenig, Bruce Lerro, Tarun Meena, Nomi Prins, Fred Reed, Amir Mohammad Sayem, Mohamad Shaaf, TanayShah, Amandeep Singh, Colin Todhunter, Akshay Verma, T Vijayendra, Richard D. Wolff, Oscar Zambrano.

David Anderson, China vs America
John Scales Avery, Human Society And The Biosphere.
John Scales Avery, Our Suicidal War Against Nature.
Subhankar Banerjee, Biden on Biodiversity: The Silence and the Promise.
Dr Glen Barry, The End of Being.
Dr Glen Barry, Antifa(scism) is the Antidote to Full-Throated American Fascism.
Dr Glen Barry, Ecology Is the Meaning of Life.
Thomas Klikauer and Nadine Campbell, What Philosophers say about Coronavirus Prevention?
R Chowdhury, Covid-19 Makes the Rich Richer, the Poor Poorer: That is Capitalism
Jonathan Cook, The planet cannot heal until we rip the mask off the West’s war machine.
Countercurrents Collective, Denmark to end oil and gas extraction in North Sea.
Countercurrents Collective, Oceans without oxygen.
Countercurrents Collective, World could lose coral reefs by end of century, warns UN environment report.
Countercurrents Collective, Climate crisis: Lakes to shrink.
Countercurrents Collective, Earth’s ice melting at record rate, finds study.
Countercurrents Collective, The Pandemic: Global cases top 100 million.
Countercurrents Collective, The Pandemic: Half a million lives lost in U.S., more than the two World Wars and Vietnam War combined.
Guy Crequie, Poésie planétaire.
Bharat Dogra, Education for a Better World Needs New Thinking, Not a Polishing of Old Systems.
Bharat Dogra, Eight Essentials of Human Progress, Always Crucial But Often Neglected.
Bharat Dogra, Common Myths About Human Progress.
Bharat Dogra, Now is the Time to Press for Long-Needed Rural Changes Based on Justice and Protection of Environment.
Bharat Dogra, Why Concepts of Earth Without Borders and One World Have A New and Wider Relevance Now.
Bharat Dogra, How the Modern World Started–On A foundation of Violence and Dominance, but in the Name of Civilization.
Tiffany Duong, Amazon Rainforest Will Collapse by 2064, New Study Predicts.
Syed Ehtisham, Mercenaries of Capitalism.
Dr Andrew Glikson, How long for civilization?
Dr Andrew Glikson, The extreme rate of global warming: IPCC Oversights of future climate trends.
Bill Henderson, The world is trapped in a spiral to climate catastrophe.
Robert Hunziker, Doughnut Economics Boots Capitalism Out!
Robert Hunziker, Menacing Methane – An Analysis.
Robert Hunziker, Religion Meets Climate Change.
Robert Hunziker, An Exhausted Planet Limps Into 2021.
Robert Hunziker, Ecocide!
Yanis Iqbal, Multipolarity and the Prospect for Socialism.
Thomas Klikauer and Nadine Campbell, What Philosophers say about Coronavirus Prevention?
Thomas Kilkauer, Human Rights and Germany’s New Supply Chain Law.
Peter Koenig, China – Peacefully Forward into the Great Change.
Bruce Lerro, Name Me One Country Where Capitalism Works: A Thirty-Year Reckoning.
Tarun Meena, Internationalization Of Humanity – Erase The Boundaries?
Nomi Prins, War of the (Financial) Worlds Or Let the Markets Go Wild While the People Go Down.
Fred Reed, Questions for My Betters Dijjywan—Dijjydo or Dijjydon’t?
Amir Mohammad Sayem, Is de–nuclearization possible after all?
Mohamad Shaaf, Why China Surpassed the United States.
Tanay Shah, Climate Change and Inequality.
Amandeep Singh, How consumption is the core of the climate change problem, and the decline in climate activism.
Colin Todhunter, Dispossession and Imperialism Repackaged as ‘Feeding the World’.
Akshay Verma, Before it is too late.
T Vijayendra, Population Problem Today.
Richard D. Wolff, The U.S. Economy Excels at One Thing: Producing Massive Inequality.
Oscar Zambrano, Beware the Beginning of Unreason.