B) Development report on direct democracy C) The Global Community overall picture on direct democracy A) How 'direct democracy' works Over the past decade, direct democracy has been promoted by the Global Community in many past Newsletters. The Global Community Assessment Centre (GCAC) conducts surveys in all nations on a continuous basis. Many of thoses surveys have been used to probe all aspects of direct democracy. Results are used to obtain the 'Global Community Overall Picture' which describes the situation in all nations of the world such as those of North America, Central America and the Caribbean, South America, Africa, Europe, Asia, South-East Asia, Middle-East, and Oceania. We have promoted 'direct democracy' and a voting system based on 'proportional representation'. Sections 4 on the Scale of Human and Earth Rights has established community rights, rights of direct democracy, and the right that the greatest number of people has by virtue of its number (50% plus one) and after voting representatives democratically. Direct democracy is not new to us. It is a fundamental right. Any population on Earth can choose freedom by having a referendum extablishing such a freedom from another nation. Any polulation can start a new life within the Global Community by voting together to create a new nation, theirs to have. It is a fundamental choice and right that was always there for all Peoples. As defined in Chapter 10.6.3, Chapter 9 Article 1, Chapter 10.2 Article 3, and Section 4 on the Scale of Human and Earth Rights of the Global Constitution, direct democracy is a community right. Direct democracy is the right of global citizens to hold referendums on any issue -- and to veto legislation. Direct democracy implies that: * Global Citizens are willing and able to participate fully in the decision making process on issues that most affect them. Direct democracy is important to sustain life on the planet but its position on the Scale gives it its overall importance. 'Direct democracy' is very much like a voting system based on 'proportional representation'. There are many different aspects of 'direct democracy'. For instance, in a single riding there may be as many as 8 seats and several candidates running. Parties offer voters a slate of local candidates. Voters can rank candidates of the same party, but may also choose to give support to candidates of different parties. Voters rank as many or as few candidates as they wish. Voters can rank any number of candidates without fear their vote will be wasted by selecting unpopular candidates. A voter’s rankings will be considered in order until that voter’s ballot can be used. When your number one choice is eliminated for lack of support your number two becomes your first choice. When a voter’s ballot is used in support of a given candidate, but that candidate has a surplus of votes, a ballot’s unused portion will be transferred to the voter’s next choice until a ballot’s full value has been used. Most votes will count, little fear of wasting one’s vote, no fear of vote splitting. No need to support a candidate or party you don’t really want for fear of helping elect those you like even less. You can vote authentically. This is freedom for voters. This is how democracy is supposed to work. This voting system empowers voters more than parties because votes are for candidates not for parties. Also, candidate selection will take place at the local riding level, not at party head office. Most importantly, voters will rank candidates of the same party as well as candidates of different parties. It maximizes choice for voters. Competition is not just between candidates of different parties but also between candidates of the same party. This voting system is also a measure of independence from party control and that will make a very significant contribution to greater accountability in government. It will yield a legislature that mirrors the political, social, ethnic, and geographic diversity of a population. Electing candidates in multi-member ridings ensures a broader range of political interests and issues will be represented than is possible under any other system. Preferential voting induces a politics of cooperation, consensus, and civility. Direct democracy comprises a form of democracy and theory of civics wherein all citizens can directly participate in the political decision-making process. Some proposed systems would give people both legislative and executive powers, but most extant systems allow input into the legislative process only. Direct democracy in its traditional form is rule by the people through referenda. The people are given the right to pass laws, veto laws and withdraw support from a representative (if the system has representatives) at any time. Direct democracy in its modern sense is characterized by three pillars: * Initiative The second pillar can include the ability to hold a binding referendum on whether a given law should be scrapped. This effectively grants the populace a veto on government legislation. The third pillar gives the people the right to recall elected officials by petition and referendum. In Canada, the use of citizens' assemblies (also known as an estates-general in the province of Quebec), involving citizen bodies chosen at random, is growing and avoids the disadvantages of older, more plebiscitary forms of direct democracy. The province of British Columbia recently set up a Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform in which members were chosen at random for each riding. The citizens' assembly has just recommended the province use Single Transferable Voting (STV) to elect the provincial legislature. In a referendum conducted on May 17, 2005, 57% of the voters approved by this new system of voting. Worldwide, there are as many as 120 nations with electoral democracies. Several nations are struggling to have political rights and civil liberties. Most of Africa and Middle and Far East nations are without electoral democracies. Is democratization a global long-term trend? Is democracy as we know it today a good thing? Will it pass the test of the global problems humanity is facing today? How successful is democracy in a country such as India? the United States? Britain? What indicators could measure success or failure? What improvements could make democracy a better political system? Each and everyone of us on Earth was born free and equal in dignity and rights. Respect for human and Earth rights and fundamental freedoms is one of the characteristics of a democracy. The typical fundamental freedoms of a democracy (freedom of expression, thought, assembly, and association) are themselves part of human and Earth rights. These freedoms can exist everywhere. Democracy is a political system based on the participation of the people, global cooperation. It foresees the separation of powers among the judiciary, the legislative and the executive authorities, as well as free and regular elections. To be successful, a newly formed democracy requires a long-term economic stability, multiparty elections, a written constitution, a free press, a legal reform with an independent judiciary and good pro-democratic leadership. We have seen Britain and the United States helping other nations become democracies. Help was in the form of military action. How successful was forcing democracy into a people using the military? After World War I, following the destruction of the Ottoman Empire, the European powers created states and appointed officials to administer newly created democracies in and around the Middle East. A lot of what was created had no legitimacy for the people of the Moslem Civilization and Western domination brings much of the same kind of hegemony in the region as with the British. Since World War II, America along with junior partners, Great Britain, France and Russia, have refashioned the Middle East in their own image, building a new political and territorial order on the ruins of the Ottoman Empire. Despite the efforts of secular and religious local forces who rejected the West's intrusion, America and the junior partners formed states, chose people to govern them, and drawn frontiers between them. But this new order never worked because to Arab nationalists it meant betrayal of wartime promises made by the Allies, military occupation, and the exploitation of resources and of the Moslem people. The Jewish National Home in Palestine further fueled hostility toward the West. The post war order imposed by Great Britain and the Allies created instabilities and disorder (the Ottoman Empire was stable and had order) throughout the Moslem world. On November 29, 1947, the United Nations passed a resolution partitioning Palestine into two independent states, one Jewish and one Arab. The Jewish accepted the resolution and called their land Israel, but the Moslem states rejected it and sent their armies to regain the land but lost the war against Israel. The Palestinians lost their land and have been without a homeland ever since. They became refugees on their own land. Israel's occupation of Moslem land and refusal to recognize the national rights of the Palestinians were the fundamental problems. The State of Israel made its entrance into history in a war against the Moslems. Throughout this period America was a major support in lobbying the UN partition plan and in the birth of the State of Israel. Was the creation of Israel, a new democracy based on the military occupation, a success for democratic systems? Is it right for us to create a new democracy using the military? Israel has been at war ever since its creation as a democracy. Is that truly a democracy or is it a military invasion of the Middle East by the United States? How successful were these newly created democracies? What have we truly accomplished? Were the people involved in creating the new democracies or was it because Britain and the United States military forcing new values into the people ways of life, changing their cultural heritage and religion? The Earth Community is proposing that: a) different nations may require different political systems at different times
B) Development report on 'direct democracy' The Global Community has found two important aspects contributing to the success of any direct democracy: a. Scale of Human and Earth Rights b. Direct democracy as defined in the Global Constitution What is the most important is not so much being a citizen within a democratic system, but it is first and foremost more important to be in line with the Scal of Human and Earth Rights. Scale of Human and Earth Rights
* Ecological rights and the protection of the global life-support systems * Primordial human rights * The ecological rights, the protection of the global life-support systems and the primordial human rights of future generations * Community rights and the right that the greatest number of people has by virtue of its number (50% plus one) and after voting representatives democratically (direct democracy) * Economic rights (business and consumer rights, and their responsibilities and accountabilities) and social rights (civil and political rights) * Cultural rights and religious rights Fourth on the Scale, a community may choose to use any type of political systems of its liking, a democracy or otherwise. That is a community right, the right that the greatest number of people has by virtue of its number (50% plus one) and after voting representatives democratically. All political systems will be improved by increasing education, transparency, accountability, media access, respect for human and Earth rights, tolerance of political opposition, free elections, participation and independent civil society. C) The Global Community Overall Picture North America The United States has served as a model of democracy to many nations but now they have lost credibility on several grounds: * by not ratifying the Kyoto Protocol, they have shown a total disregard to the protection of life on Earth. What good is democracy when the existence of life on Earth is being threatened by CO2 pollution? All democratic systems are required to be responsible and accountable to humanity. The Scale of Human and Earth Rights places life on top of the Scale and is the most important right to be protected. Countries in Latin America & the Caribbean Less than 50% of citizens vote. Democracy does not have a solid ground for growth. Free-market democracies in the region must include social justice and equity as a way of life. Unless America includes the Scale of Human and Earth Rights and the Charter of the Earth Community to govern the newly proposed Free Trade Area of the Americas(FTAA), than we will see a collapse of democracy in the region, civil wars and the rise of dictatorships. Africa There are only 20 of the 53 African nations with electoral democracies. Authoritarian regimes in the region have been successful because of strong ethnic groups and religious fundamentalism. Dictators might yield their power if they had secure retirement. May be an 'African Council of Elders' composed of former heads of state could be created to advise Africa. Europe Democracy implies not just the mechanics of free and fair elections but the ability of different political parties to choose and, if elected, to implement their freely chosen manifestos. On the face of it, this may appear to be the case. But we need to probe a little deeper. In Britain, there were protests in Genoa, Gothenburg, Davos and at almost every other major summit meeting since Seattle in December 1999. And this disaffection is just the festering tip of a very large iceberg. For underlying these high-profile protests lies a widespread and deepening public disengagement from party politics as evidenced by ever-lower voter turnouts in elections around the world. This is something Tony Blair should know well, having himself been re-elected by only 42% of the vote with a turn-out of just 58%; the lowest since 1929. That means only 25% of those eligible voted for him. So why all the disaffection when the mechanics of democracy seem to be in good working order? European democratization will require the expansion of the EU to the East and South. Unless genuine democracies are created, the former authoritarian regimes of Central and Eastern Europe may come back. Asia & Oceania There are 24 of the region's 39 nations with electoral democracies. Japanese appear indifferent to democratic issues in other nations because democracy was forced into them. Much of Asia supports autocratic governments. China provides stability to its 1.3 billion people.
There is a need to develop a voting system to elect representatives to form a democratically elected Earth Government. Every person in the world can claim the birth right of electing a democratic government to manage Earth: the rights to vote and elect representatives to form the Earth Government. They are our human rights! Each and everyone of us on Earth was born free and equal in dignity and rights. Respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms is one of the characteristics of a democracy. The typical fundamental freedoms of a democracy (freedom of expression, thought, assembly, and association) are themselves part of human rights. These freedoms can exist everywhere. Democracy is a political system based on the participation of the people. It foresees the separation of powers among the judiciary, the legislative and the executive authorities, as well as free and regular elections. The Global Community Organization has
developed a scale of human rights in order of importance with the ecological
rights being the most important (they supersede all other rights; and so
on down the scale).
The political system of an individual country does not
have to be a democratically elected government that is, the political rights
of a country belong to that country alone. Democracy is not to be enforced
by anyone and to anyone. On the other hand, representatives to Earth
Government must be elected democratically in every part of the world.
An individual country may have any political system at home but the government
of that country will have to ensure (and allow verification by Earth Government)
that representatives to Earth Government have been elected democratically.
This way, every person in the world can claim the birth right of electing
a democratic government to manage Earth: the rights to vote and elect representatives
to form the Earth Government.
Once representatives to Earth Government have been elected
democratically they will govern and manage Earth as per the scale of human
rights shown above. They will give the greatest priority to ecological
rights, and so on down the scale.
The right that the greatest number of representatives
has by virtue of its number (50% plus one) is to govern and manage Earth as
they wish but only after they have reasonably and successfully taken care
of
* Ecological rights;
The general idea and philosophy of this system was described in the section "Universal Values, the Scale of Human Rights and Earth Management". When there is a need to find a sound solution to a problem or a concern, a sound solution would be to choose a measure or conduct an action, if possible, which causes reversible damage as oppose to a measure or an action causing an irreversible loss. Then the right that the greatest number of representatives has by virtue of its number (50% plus one) supersede all the other following rights: * Economic rights (business and consumer
rights, and their responsibilities and accountabilities) and social rights
(civil and political rights)
In order to elect representatives to Earth Government it was proposed (as part of a Discussion Roundtable of the August 2002 conference) the following:
The actual voting procedure was also discussed during the conference.
The following table shows that Canada and the USA together have a total of 308 votes. They would have to deal with the 585 votes of the South. The decision-making process would certainly be affected. The North would really only have 34% of the votes and would have to seek votes from the South for the decision-making process. The right that the greatest number of people has by virtue of its number (50% plus one) is a human right. It should be respected. Cuba was included here because the people of Cuba have rights just like anyone else. The Summit of the Americas was a meeting of the 34 National Governments of every country in North, Central, South America and the Caribbean (except Cuba). The meeting was held April 20-22, 2001, in Quebec City, and was about extending the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) throughout the Americas to form the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) by 2005. The FTAA will follow the World Trade Organization (WTO) guidelines for settling disputes. The Organization of American States (OAS) manages implementation of this process. Member countries were encouraged to change their economic infrastructures to be in line with the free trade policies of the FTAA (the WTO). Many member countries have already prioritised economic growth over social aspects and human rights. The Global Community Organization is aware of what the 34 National Governments are trying to achieve
and decided to help them designing an agreement between themselves in line with The Global Constitution. Several articles
in this Newsletter were written especially to help you find sound solutions. Our March and May Newsletters also contain articles pertaining to this challenge.
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Contact Information
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