Protect photosynthesis: less CO2 , more Oxygen and better health for all of us.
The Global Community can contribute in evaluating options and strategies for adapting to climate change as it occurs, and in identifying
human activities that are even now maladapted to climate. For example, identification of tree species that can grow well under current as
well as projected future climates will help develop reforestation programs that are less vulnerable to both climate variability and
change. Genetically improved species can be developed to replace the weakess species. Assessment of the role of agricultural subsidies
and disaster relief programs in actually encouraging farmers to cultivate lands which are highly susceptible to droughts or floods can
improve the adaptability of the agricultural sector. Alternatively, developing socio-economic activities that can thrive under
anticipated climate changes can help realize some of the benefits of climate change. Collectively, such actions will help reduce human
vulnerability to climate change, and hence raise the threshold at which such change becomes dangerous.
We need to improve on our ability to:
* predict future anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. While demographic, technological and economic factors are in many
respects inherently speculative, better observations and understanding of the processes by which human activities directly or
indirectly contribute to emissions are clearly required. These in particular include emissions from deforestation and agricultural
activities.
* obtain more data on the effect of human emissions on atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. Not only do we need to
reduce the uncertainties about past and current sinks for emitted greenhouse gases, but we need to better understand and quantify the
long term feedbacks such as CO2 fertilization and physical and biological response to climate change if we expect to
improve our confidence in projections of future concentrations.
* measure direct and indirect effects of radiative forcing of greenhouse gases and aerosols.
* measure climate sensitivity to changes in radiative forcing.
* measure the response to climate change of biological and physical processes with the terrestrial and ocean systems.
* obtain an early detection of the signal of human interference with the climate system against the change caused by natural
forces or internal system noise is important in fostering timely and responsible coping actions.
* develop actions to limit emissions of greenhouse gases and prepare to adapt to climate change.
* live with the facts that climate change is unavoidable, atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations are already signficantly
higher than pre-industrial levels, and that aggressive efforts to reduce their anthropogenic emission sources would only slow down
the growth in their concentrations, not stop it. Therefore, policy response to this issue must also include strategies to adapt to
the consequences of unavoidable climate change.
In an urban community site, air usually contains materials such as nitric oxide, sulfur oxide, carbon monoxide, aldehydes, dust and many
others.
A city would have a department measuring indicators and indices in order to:
a) Provide a daily report to the public
b) Define air pollution in terms of the amount of pollution created by polluters
c) Define air quality in all parts of the city
d) Measure progress toward air quality goals
e) Propose abatement steps
f) Alarm the public in case of danger
g) Provide data to researchers
h) Provide information for compliance
i) Make intelligent decisions with regard to priorities of programs toward environmental improvement
The Global Community makes the following recommendations to alleviate the effects of climate change in the world:
* Introduction of appropriate sustainable agricultural system with balanced use of chemical fertilizers incorporated organic
minerals and green manure's.
* Phase wise replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer. Similarly biodegradable insecticide should be replace
by the non-biodegradable insecticides.
* The entrepreneur should take proper mitigation measures of industrial pollution by set-up of industrial waste treatment
plant.
* Control of insect, pests through biological, natural process, alternatives of using harmful insecticides or fungicides is
important to introduce.
* Promotion of research activities in the field of industrial waste utilization and waste recovery process.
* Re-utilization of agricultural residues through bio-conservation to industrial products.
* Need proper implementation of Environmental Policy, Environment Conservation Act’s and Legislation.
* Enhancement of the capacity of NGOs, Govt. agencies to successfully implement poverty alleviation program including
non-formal education on environmental pollution awareness.
* Immediate and honest actions by the USA, Russia, Japan and Canada, and all countries in resolving the problems creating the
greenhouse gases. The ratification of the Kyoto Protocol and the implementation of measurable positive actions to resolve the
problems of global warming.
* The support of the Climate Change Ministry.
The Global Community proposes measures in the following areas to reduce GHG emissions.
Government leadership
– set aggressive GHG reduction targets for provincial facilities and vehicle fleets, enforce standards for major building projects;
Urban land use
– use tax shifting to discourage sprawl and favour more compact, transit-oriented communities; develop a policy to promote shared energy systems; and work with municipalities to provide incentives and tools for encouraging GHG reduction targets in official community plans and regional strategies by 2005;
Transportation
– implement increased funding of transit and strategic road improvements, California-style vehicle emission standards for cars, higher emission standards for light to heavy duty trucks, and incentives to purchase more fuel-efficient vehicles and lower GHG fuels;
Buildings
– establish phased-in energy performance standards, with a revolving fund for energy efficiency upgrades, provincial tax relief for the purchase of sustain-able products and equipment, and other supporting policies;
Electricity
– adopt a GHG emission standard and offset requirement for thermal power generation that is coordinated with the federal government and builds on the province’s current energy efficiency and clean energy objectives;
Natural gas
– develop an efficient and harmonized regulatory, fiscal, and land access framework to facilitate expansion of natural gas production consistent with sustainability; and tax or other incentives to reduce fugitive emissions and to promote acid gas reinjection into depleted reservoirs for disposing of CO2 emissions;
Fuel cells
– prepare a strategic plan to grow BC’s world leading fuel cell cluster; make a long-term provincial commitment to the hydrogen economy; and ensure active government participation in private and public sector fuel cell demonstrations;
Forest products
– establish incentives to encourage energy from biomass; targets and support for afforestation and reforestation projects; and policies to prevent deforestation (all consistent with international carbon accounting protocols); and
Aluminum (and other sectors)
– negotiate voluntary binding agreements for GHG emission reduction with the aluminum smelting and other industry sectors that are harmonized with federal initiatives.
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