Vision of a new economic system to replace America economic, population, military and environmental wars against our world, Earth.

• Summary
• Introduction and conclusion for all four Chapters.
• Chapter I) Actual scenario of the world from the beginning of the industrial revolution to today.

• The Biosphere, our world.


• American consumers have the largest ecological footprint in the world and is largely a consequence of the global power of TNCs, corporate America.


• Climate denialism requires shutting one’s eyes to obvious realities when the truth is that the Earth is warmer than it has been in 120,000 years.


• Rising sea levels, coastal cities, and extreme weather.


• World's Biggest Cities That Will Be Drowned.


• America is the biggest greenhouse gas (GHG) polluter.


• Dollar and death calculations of GHG pollution versus global GDP calculation.


• The Arctic, health and bunker oil used by container ships.


• In coming decades, because of global warming, the Arctic tundra permafrost and Arctic Ocean sea bed will release Methane CH4, a much more deadly GHG than CO2.


• Extreme, catastrophic economically and socially disastrous wildfires could increase by up to 40% as the world warms.


• Environment, debt, and future generations.


• Corporate polluters are the worst offenders.


• Americans, Canadians and Australians are making sure to doom the world with unlimited Greenhouse Gas Pollution.


• America and world energy.


• Unlimited fossil fuel exploitation means a commitment to GHG pollution over 16 times greater than the world’s present remaining Terminal Carbon Pollution Budget that must not be exceeded if we are to have a 75% chance of avoiding a catastrophic 2C temperature rise.


• Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, developed economies have been emitting GHGs which created global warming and today's environmental crisis, and that makes the capitalism system responsible, and we must first change it.


• Demographic, Social and Economic Changes Aggravate Threat to Humanity due to Climate Change.


• Americans Contributes 20% Of World’s Annual Carbon Debt Increase.


• Time left to avert climate catastrophe.


• So what should Society do to avoid the worst impacts of climate change?


• Industrial farming is not an efficient way to grow food.


• Rising Sea levels will remake the coastlines of endangered U.S. States and drown much of other world coastlines.


• Because of climate change, dry conditions and extreme heat have led to a proliferating number of intense wildfires, causing massive damage to infrastructure, land and the loss of human life.


• To teach the younger generation about climate change.


• Global commons, biodiversity debt, and the goal in America must be to overturn our present expansionary system by fostering de-growth.


• The 1% as much wealth as half the world's population.


• Energy and prosperity.


• Why Keystone XL should never get built.


• Climate change, an existential threat to humanity and much of nature.


• The melting of the Arctic ice will lead to Global Climate catastrophe.


• The hidden costs of slow sea-level rise and rapid flooding.


• China Plans to Break Petrodollar Stranglehold.


• The fundamental contradiction between population/economic growth and protecting the environment.


• Chinese production and exports are dominated by US and other foreign corporations, and, like the pollution drifting across the globe, – are not really ‘Chinese’ at all.


• Capitalism, and the relationship between work, energy, money and climate change.


• A system of international capitalism has restructured and replaced a healthy, sustainable indigenous agriculture across the world with a globalised system of food production and agriculture controlled by companies that have a history of releasing health-damaging, environmentally polluting products onto the market and engaging in activities considered as constituting crimes against humanity.


• America’s new corporate tax cut scam was designed to allow the ultra-rich .01% and the world’s corporate/financial structure to re-locate within the borders of the United States to stick their heads in the pig trough along with all the other greedy ones to partake in the financial feeding frenzy that will ensue.


• Trump's Budget Deals Massive Blow to Clean Water and Air, Public Lands, Public Health and the Environment.








• Chapter II) The US has no international mandate to work as the custodian of any world order. There’s nothing called “US exceptionalism” in any textbook on international law or diplomacy. The American military empire, and the environmental harm it spreads, expands far beyond U.S. borders. America has more foreign military bases than any other people, nation, or empire in history, numbering over 1000. This military presence brings large-scale environmental destruction to the land and peoples across the globe through dumping, leaks, weapons testing, energy consumption, and waste. It is a war against wildlife, an assault on the environment and communities. Beyond its immediate carbon footprint—which is difficult to measure—the U.S. military has placed countless countries under the thumb of western oil giants. Social movements have long sounded the alarm over the link between U.S.-led militarism and climate change, yet the Pentagon continues to evade accountability. Invading other nations, overthrow by means of a coup, killing people and destroying buildings, and military occupations of foreign countries are what America's military with the UK and France, and top government contractors, have been doing since WWII.

  • US enemy number one is its military spending over 60% of budget.
  
  
  • Iran, China and Russia have over the years adopted a variety of economic and military actions to repel the continual assault on their sovereignty by the West.
  
  
  • The pressure exerted in the South China Sea have forced Tehran, Moscow and Beijing to conclude that the United States represents an existential threat.
  
  
  • Russia and the Arctic transit route, of great interest not only for defense purposes but also being a quick passage for transit goods. The Black Sea for these reasons has received special attention from the United States due to its strategic location. In any case, the responses have been proportional to the threat. Iran has significantly developed maritime capabilities in the Persian Gulf, often closely marking ships of the US Navy located in the area for the purposes of deterrence.
  
  
  • More nations are clearly rejecting American interference, favoring instead a dialogue with Beijing, Moscow and Tehran. Duterte in the Philippines is just the latest example of this trend.
  
  
  • With the United Nations warning that millions of civilians could die from violence or starvation from the ongoing military siege of the Yemeni port city of Hodeida, there is no other way to describe what is happening except as “genocide”. The more than three-year war on Yemen waged by a Western-backed Saudi coalition has been arguably genocidal from the outset, with up to eight million people facing imminent starvation due to the years-long blockade on the Arabian country, as well as from indiscriminate air strikes.
  
  
  • Americans bombed Syria again just as Russia had finally defeated the terrorist groups armed by USA and Saudi Arabia. List of 27 bombed nations show that Millions had to die, murdered right in their homelands, because of the support or indifference of ordinary Americans, with enough of them willing to follow orders, even when unlawful orders, to bomb and invade whatever nation instructed to. So, ‘exceptionalist’ Americans in military uniform have bombed Syria again. They bombed Syria again just as the Syrian army with the help of Russia, Iran and Hezbollah had finally, after seven years, defeated the terrorist groups, which had heavy weaponry and Toyota trucks supplied to them by United States and Saudi Arabia. The terrorist groups destroyed much of the country and caused the death of some 350,000 Syrian men, women and children. Many Syrians had their heads cut off by the fanatic terrorists. It has been an open secret that Americans and Saudi Arabians have been funding and arming them for some seven years.
  
  
  • Syria is not experiencing a “civil war.” It is being targeted by both proxy and direct military force organized by the United States and its allies for the explicit purpose of dividing and destroying yet another Middle Eastern nation.
  
  
  • The USA Navy plays violent war games in Alaska, killing fish and destroying the environment. When the U.S. Navy sails its warships into the Gulf of Alaska, they will engage in military maneuvers and possibly drop bombs, launch torpedoes and missiles, and engage in activities that stand a significant chance of poisoning those once-pristine waters, while it prepares for future battles elsewhere on the planet.  Think of it as a war against wildlife, an assault on the environment and local coastal communities.
  
  
  • It’s war in the Gulf of Alaska. The U.S. Navy will engage in military maneuvers and possibly drop bombs, launch torpedoes and missiles, and engage in activities that stand a significant chance of poisoning those once-pristine waters, while it prepares for future battles elsewhere on the planet. Think of it as a war against wildlife, an assault on the environment and local coastal communities.
  
  
  • Proven US aliance lying over chemical weapons attack and Trump pretext for destruction of Syria.The Russian and Syrian denials are true if they are innocent and lies if they are guilty of the suspected chemical weapons attack that killed 90 people including 30 children in Syria. However Trump, US and US Alliance certitude over Russian and Syrian guilt is clear, proven, warmongering lying in the absence of findings from expert and independent investigators. Meanwhile a mass murdering, child-killing Trump continues to make endless war on famine-wracked Somalia and Yemen where half of the starving populations of 11.2 million and 27.9 million, respectively, are children.
  
  
  • The US has no international mandate to work as the custodian of any world order. There’s nothing called “US exceptionalism” in any textbook on international law or diplomacy. Any unilateral invasion of another country, without prior approval from the UN Security Council, is a flagrant violation of international law, hence a war crime.
  
  
  • Trump wants to hand $54 billion more to one of the world's biggest drivers of climate catastrophe. But Trump’s proposal is also dangerous for a less-examined reason: the U.S. military is a key climate polluter, likely the “largest organizational user of petroleum in the world,” according to a congressional report released in December 2012. Beyond its immediate carbon footprint—which is difficult to measure—the U.S. military has placed countless countries under the thumb of western oil giants. Social movements have long sounded the alarm over the link between U.S.-led militarism and climate change, yet the Pentagon continues to evade accountability.
  
  
  • The overlooked climate footprint of the U.S. military. The U.S. Department of Defense is the world’s single largest consumer of energy, using more energy in the course of its daily operations than any other private or public organization, as well as more than 100 nations.
  
  
  • Spreading environmental harm across the globe. The American military empire, and the environmental harm it spreads, expands far beyond U.S. borders. The United States probably has more foreign military bases than any other people, nation, or empire in history, numbering over 1000. This military presence brings large-scale environmental destruction to the land and peoples across the globe through dumping, leaks, weapons testing, energy consumption, and waste.
  
  
  • The oil industry is tied to wars and conflicts around the world. It has been estimated that between one-quarter and one-half of all interstate wars since 1973 have been linked to oil, and that oil-producing countries are 50 percent more likely to have civil wars. Some of these conflicts are fought at the behest of western oil companies, in collaboration with local militaries, to quell dissent.
  
  
  • Oil wealth is central to the global arms trade, as evidenced by the heavy imports of the oil-rich Saudi government. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Saudi Arabia was the world’s second largest arms importer in 2012-16, with an increase of 212 percent compared with 2007–11. During this period, the U.S. was the top major arms exporter in the world, accounting for 33 percent of all exports, SIPRI determines.
  
  
  • Some organizations are getting concrete about what it looks like to stage a “just transition” away from a military and fossil fuels economy. ‘No war, no warming’!
  
  
  • Trump attacks Syria: a gambit and a War Crime. Syria is possibly the most secular country where Shia, Sunni, Maronite, Druze, Christian, atheists, pagans, and women enjoy much more freedom and equal opportunities than anywhere else in the Muslim World. If promotion of democracy and freedom is the prime US objective in Syria, one wonders as to why it is teaming up with Saudi Arabia and its reactionary allies, the thuggish Jabhat al-Nusra, Free Syrian Army, and last but not least, ISIS! As Fareed Zakaria told CNN, ISIS is a bigger threat to the free world than the Assad regime. “The weaker Assad gets, ISIS becomes stronger”, he spelled out. Despite the sound and fury about Trump’s missile attack in Syria – which amounts to war crime – it’s nothing more than a balderdash, so much so that it’s only going to boost Trump’s sinking popularity among Americans, who are historically great admirers of presidents who invade countries and kill tens of thousands of civilians, in the pursuit of democracy, freedom, and glory for the “Greatest Nation on Earth”.
  
  
  • America’s current annual military expenditures are around $1.5 trillion, which is to say, almost equal to that entire global estimate of more than $1.6 trillion in 2015. America’s actual annual military budget and expenditures are unknown, because there has never been an audit of the Defense Department, though an audit has routinely been promised but never delivered, and Congresses and Presidents haven’t, for example, even so much as just threatened to cut its budget every year by 10% until it is done, there has been no accountability for the Department, at all. Corruption is welcomed at the Defense Department. Furthermore, many of the military expenditures are hidden, for instance, by funding an unknown large proportion of U.S. military functions at other federal Departments, so as for those operations not to be officially Defense Department budget and expenditures, at all. The Trillion-Dollar Defense Budget is already here.
  
  
  • Invading other nations, overthrow by means of a coup, killing people and destroying buildings, and military occupations of foreign countries are what you sell, that’s what you (as a billionaire with a controlling interest in one of the 100 top contractors to the U.S. Government) are selling to the USA, UK and France governments.
  
  

• Chapter III) GDP, economic growth, and prosperity.

• Natural Resource Economics.


• Types of Natural Resources.


• As a field of academic research, natural resource economics addresses the connections and interdependence between human economies and natural ecosystems.


• Research topics of natural resource economists can include topics such as the environmental impacts of agriculture, transportation and urbanization, land use in poor and industrialized countries, international trade and the environment, and climate change.


• Externalities and Impacts on Resource Allocation.


• Resource Allocation.


• Externalities.


• External Costs.


• External Benefits.


• The Importance of Productivity.


• Impacts of Technological Change on Productivity.


• Monetary Transactions.


• The Creation of the Federal Reserve.


• Executing Expansionary Monetary Policy.


• The major tool the Fed uses to affect the supply of reserves in the banking system is open market operations—that is, the Fed buys and sells government securities on the open market. These operations are conducted by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.


• The Balance of Payments (BOP).


• The Current Account.


• Calculating the Current Account.


• When the USA military is invading or declaring war to an other nation and destroy this other nation, then it owns it, and the reconstruction of the other nation should be an import. The rebuilding includes infrastructure, socail and housing habitats, health care, and countless activities to make this other nation (s) a sustainable place to live in. When the USA helps another nation militarily (such as Israel, Saudi Arabia) and those other nations destroy other nations using the military USA hardware and other services, then the costs of those expenses should be condidered as imports. The costs of rebuilding those other nations destroyed by friendly or allies nations are also the USA costs and should also be imports.


• The Financial Account (also known as the Capital Account). When Americans are buying properties and services in an other nation such as those private military advisers and oil and gas corporations doing business in an other nation, then the money spent should be part of the America financial deficit.


• Calculating the Financial Account. (This should include all the money spent by private military advisers and businesses while America is invading an other nation.)


• Interest Rates and the Financial Account.


• The Capital Account.


• Calculating the Capital Account. (When the USA builds a new military base (already over a thousand bases al over the world) in an other nation, then that is creating a capital account deficit.)


• Reason for a Zero Balance.


• Capital Flows. (When Russia and China purchased bonds from the USA, they became part of the world demand for the 'dollars'. And recently, Russia sold the bonds it had purchased from the USA. Now Russia is using its own currency to make transactions in the world. China will eventually follow.)


• Equilibrium and Zero Balance. (Russia selling USA bonds and now getting rid of the dollar to do business has had the effect of diminishing the equilibrium.)


• Exports – imports = domestic purchases of foreign assets – foreign purchases of domestic assets. (When Russia sold the USA bonds, the foreign purchase of USA domestic assets diminished a lot and diminished the USA financial account. When China sells its USA assets the effect will create a complete shut down of the USA economy and diminish the 'dollar' as a currency to be used in the world.)


• Exchange Rates. (During boom times when the economy is doing well, people earn more income and this translates to higher tax revenues for the government, lowering the budget deficit, at least that is what the Republican leadership should be doing instead of giving more tax breaks to rich corporations.)


• Arguments for and against Balancing the Budget. (Knowing that the USA financial account which measures the net change in ownership of national assets which used to be flowing out of the USA when Russia and China where buying USA assets to help the nation to keep going even though it had an out of control high national debt and an increasingly high annual deficit, but now that Russia is selling the USA and China will be doing the same soon, the USA Congress should reflect in getting its House in order and produce a budget, if any, to at least admit its failure of governing with care.)


• Government debt limits future government actions and can be hard to pay off because Congressmen are unwilling to do what is necessary to pay down the debt. (To sell the State of Texas to China including all its natural resources and assets should be almost enough for the USA to solve its debt problem, but that is assuming China would even consider the deal.)


• Defining Capital.


• Capital, also referred to as capital goods, real capital, or capital assets.


• Classifications of Capital.


• Fiscal Policy is the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy.


• The Basic Mechanics of Expansionary Monetary Policy.


• Increasing government spending, creating a budget deficit, and financing the shortfall through debt issuance are typical policy actions in an expansionary fiscal policy scenario.


• Inflation can result from increased aggregate demand, but can also be caused by expansionary monetary policy or supply shocks that cause large price changes.


• Inflation targeting is an economic policy in which a central bank publicly determines a target inflation rate and then attempts to steer actual inflation towards the target.


• Interest rate.


• What Causes Inflation?


• Market Equilibrium.


• Open Economy. An open economy can import and export without any barriers to trade, such as quotas and tariffs.


• Long-run economic growth is measured as the percentage rate increase in the real gross domestic product. The GDP is defined as the market value of all officially recognized final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time.


• Global Economic Growth.


• Government Activity.


• Economic growth has the potential to make all people richer, but may have downsides such as increased inequality and environmental impacts. Compare and contrast the consequences of economies in which growth is a goal.


• Arguments in Favor of Growth.


• Arguments Opposed to Growth.


• Global Economic Growth.


• Is Economic Growth a Good Goal? There are a number of other factors that must be taken into account such as GDP per capita, energy consumption, pollution metrics, education levels, innovation, environmental issues, societal repercussions, etc. It is difficult to compare countries across large time horizons, but, after controlling for as many of these effects as you can, comparisons are possible. The concept of uneconomic growth postulates that the costs of economic growth may outweigh the benefits, those costs being the environmental and societal repercussions.


• Why is Growth Good?


• Drawbacks to Economic Growth.


• GDP and Growth.


• Impact of Education on GDP.


• Calculating Real GDP.


• The Gross domestic Product (GDP) is the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time.


• Nominal GDP.


• Real GDP.


• Government Barriers to Free Trade.


• Government Promotion of Free Trade.


• Trade Policies.


• National Security Argument.


• Intellectual Property.


• Mergers, Acquisitions, and Market Dominance.


• Jobs Argument.


• Trade Balance.


• Outsourcing.


• Trade Restriction Strategies.


• A Summary of International Trade Agreement.


• World Trade Organization (WTO).


• North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), now being replaced by the USMCA.


• Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).


• BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.


• Quotas are limitations on imported goods, come in an absolute or tariff-rate varieties, and affect supply in the domestic economy.


• Types of Quotas.


• Reasons to Implement Quotas.


• Other Barriers. Barriers to trade include specific limitations to trade, customs procedures, governmental participation, and technical barriers to trade.


• Defining Health Care.


• Where the Money Goes? While a percentage breakdown of who procures the largest capital gains from health care is difficult to ascertain across such a complex system, it is safe to say that quite a few players contribute to the constantly rising price of even simple procedures and doctor’s visits.


• Externalities in the Health Care Market. An externality is any impact, be it positive or negative, on individuals or groups not involved in a given economic transaction. That is to say, an externality is something that affects other people outside of the particular parties involved in an exchange. A classic example of externalities is the automobile. Cars consistently produce air pollution whenever they are driven, slowly eroding the health of our ecosystem. This cost is shouldered not only by the driver of the vehicle, but also by every living thing on the planet. This is an example of parties not involved in the transaction (selling or buying the vehicle) being impacted, in this case negatively. Environmental Degradation: Health care produces a great deal of chemical waste, requires a great deal of emissions (ambulances, etc.) and alters the natural ecological environment of bacteria.


• The Agricultural Market Landscape.


• The United States currently pays out around $20 billion annually to farmers and producers in agriculture in the form of subsidies via farm bills in order to artificially reduce prices and shift the supply curve outward to ensure the overall supply in the market is high enough to satisfy all prospective consumers.


• Climate Change. Environmental concerns have also been widely cited as a reductive influence on the agriculture market. Global warming has been slowly increasing temperatures as the ozone layer erodes due to a variety of pollutants, altering the ecosystem averages outside of the evolutionary environment in which many agricultural products historically grew. Climate changes means a different growing environment for plants, which are not used to it. There is a reduction in yield as a result of altering climatic environments. Shifts in climate drastically reduce aggregate supply.


• The political frame of the agriculture market is complex, with a wide range of critical concerns that need to be addressed both domestically and internationally.


• Policy Concerns.


• Numbers of Immigrants around the World.


• Impact of Immigration on the Host and Home Country Economies.


• Impacts on the Host Country.


• Impacts on the Home Country.





• Chaper IV) Vision of a new economic system giving rise to an adapting, evolving, surviving, successful and hopeful world with limits.

• Global social sustainability to save all life on Earth.


• To offer the young free education and free university education as it is a fundamental human right.


• Corporate 1 % should pay for the climate crisis.


• It's time to start teaching kids about climate change.


• Transitioning to renewable energy is more cost-effective than the present system.


• What must be done to keep global temperature rise below 2C?


• Climate Change has already affected nearly every ecosystem on Earth.


• The time for direct action on climate change is now.


• To encourage sustainable ecological stewardship by reinvesting externalized costs, i.e., profits, into the preservation of resources, and transforming global resources into Commons.


• To transform a natural resource into a commons.


• An effective global resource commons.


• A growing number of both suppliers and consumers who long for the opportunity to preserve the natural resources, will be motivated to preserve the resources they use and to prevent others from continuing to externalize costs.


• The imminent collapse of industrial civilization means we’ll have to organize human communities in a much different fashion from the completely unsustainable, highly-centralized, earth-destroying, globalized system we have now: capitalism of the global 1%.


• A commons must have the capacity to self-regulate its relations with the market and to assure that significant aspects of its common wealth and social relationships remain inalienable, not for sale via market exchange. A commons must be able to develop “semi-permeable boundaries” that enable it to safely interact with markets on its own terms.


• Contemporary struggles for protection of commons appear to be strongly intertwined with ecological matters which implies that there a direct link between the commons and ecology.


• A state has very different ideas than commoners about how power, governance and accountability should be structured.  A state is also far more eager to strike tight, cozy alliances with investors, businesses and financial institutions because of its own desires to share in the benefits of markets, and particularly, tax revenues. 


• We are entering in an age of aggressive privatization and degradation of commons: from privatization of water resources, through internet surveillance, to extreme air pollution. What should be the priorities of the movements fighting for protection of the commons? What about their organizational structure?


• Why America is terrified of Russia and China? Russia and China quietly advancing their agreement to progressively replace the US dollar's reserve status with a gold-backed system.


• Beijing’s “Belt and Road” initiative, towards an economy of Peace?


• Solution to avoid the worst impacts of Climate Change.


• The relentless need of people for consumption coupled with the relentless appetite of capitalists for accumulation, is sustaining the planetary crisis, and so the battle for survival is economized and clogged. Despite technological progress, the unholy alliance between human nature and institutional structure creates a dangerous strong-minded and reckless attitude that diminishes prospects for a livable future.


• A legally imposed contraction of the fossil energy supply and a rapid global conversion to renewable energy.


• A united Iran, Russia and China are changing the world for the better. Iran, Russia and China have fully understood that union and cooperation are the only means for mutual reinforcement. The need to fight a common problem, represented by a growing American influence in domestic affairs, has forced Tehran, Beijing and Moscow to resolve their differences and embrace a unified strategy in the common interest of defending their sovereignty.


• Economic integration.


• Beyond state capitalism: the commons economy in our lifetimes. Because our forbears did not account for the biophysical flow of material resources from the environment through the production process and back into the environment, the real worth of natural resources and social labor is not factored into the economy. It is this centralized, hierarchical model that has led to the degradation and devaluation of our commons.


• Requirements for ensuring a socially just, economically secure and ecologically stable global environment.


• Climate Change is an environmental issue and also a human rights issue.


• To Save the planet, businesses and investors must be a part of the solution.


• The assumption of unchecked exponential growth makes no sense. Production facilities would have to be built for the necessary solar panel and wind turbines.


• Our current economic systems have become addicted to “growth at all costs”, as measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP). They assume that GDP growth is synonymous with increasing wellbeing and prosperity. However this approach has led to growing inequality, an escalating climate crisis, and the depletion of natural and social capital. We are no longer generating genuine progress. Our approach to economics and development needs fundamental transformation.


• BRICS, the potential and future in an emerging new world economy.


• Trade between Brics and the dollar.


• Brics development bank vs World Bank.


• Challenging the Dollar: China and Russia's Plan from Petroyuan to Gold.


• The reason why the United States has been able to fuel this global demand for dollars is linked to the need for other countries to own dollars in order to be able to buy oil and other goods. It may seem unbelievable, but practically all countries until a few years ago used US dollars to trade amongst each other, even countries that were anti-American and against US imperialist policies.


• This economic arrangement has allowed Washington to achieve an unparalleled strategic advantage over its geopolitical opponents (initially the USSR, now Russia and China), namely, a practically unlimited dollar spending capacity even as it accumulates an astronomical public debt (over 21 trillion dollars). The destabilizing factor for the global economy has been Washington's ability to accumulate enormous amounts of public debt without having to worry about the consequences or even of any possible mistrust international markets may have for the dollar. Countries simply needed dollars for trade and bought US treasures to diversify their financial assets.


• In recent years, it has become clear to many nations opposing Washington that the only way to adequately contain the fallout from the collapsing US empire is to progressively abandon the dollar. This serves to limit Washington’s capacity for military spending by creating the necessary alternative tools in the financial and economic realms that will eliminate Washington's dominance. This is essential in the Russo-Sino-Iranian strategy to unite Eurasia and thereby render the US irrelevant. De-dollarization for Beijing, Moscow and Tehran has become a strategic priority. Eliminating the unlimited spending capacity of the FED and the American economy means limiting US imperialist expansion and diminishing globald estabilization. Without the usual US military power to strengthen and impose the use of US dollars, China, Russia and Iran have paved the way for important shifts in the global order.


• For China, Iran and Russia, as well as other countries, de-dollarizationhas become a pressing issue. The number of countries that are beginning to see the benefits of a decentralized system, as opposed to the US dollar system, is increasing. Iran and India, but also Iran and Russia, have often traded hydrocarbons in exchange for primary goods, thereby bypassing American sanctions.


• The climate crisis and economic policy choices.


• To grow the economy and reduce carbon emissions at the same time can be done with various proponents of degrowth not denying that it is possible to increase the efficiency with which energy and materials are used in the economy. They do not deny that the amount of carbon emitted per unit of output can be decreased.


• An organised agency can be found with the political will and power to set an absolute ceiling on the amount of carbon based fuels that are allowed into the economy.


• A policy that would lead to a very dramatic process of “degrowth” because production is dependent on energy. With fossil energy availability radically reduced by a cap that really bites, the amount of production in the economy would be driven downwards.


• The Earth’s atmosphere is a Nature's resource that ought to be managed as a global commons.


• Why the Extinction Crisis Isn't Just About the Environment, but Social Justice. An anti-capitalist movement against extinction must be framed in terms of a refusal to turn land, people, flora, and fauna into commodities. The genomic information of plants, animals, and human beings is the common wealth of  the planet, and all efforts to make use of this environmental commons must be framed around principles of equality, solidarity, and environmental and climate justice.


• The capital for a guaranteed income program for biodiversity hotspots.


• Economic growth (measured as Gross Domestic Product) and value are seen as the same. Meanwhile, the actual value generated outside of market capitalism – the “care economy,” social labor, eco-stewardship, digital communities and commons – are mostly ignored or considered merely personal (“values”).  These types of “value” are seen as extraneous to “the economy.” My colleagues and I wondered if it would be possible to develop a post-capitalist, commons-friendly theory of value that could begin to represent and defend these other types of value.


• Cities need to begin making preparations for the incoming tides, and many coastal towns, both in the U.S. and around the world.


• The global socioeconomic system of capitalism, is forcing us to work harder to surpass previous consumption and population numbers until we have devoured everything that maintains life, ending up with a polluted, lifeless, and a scorched planet.