Sustainability is seen as a goal of alternative agricultural development instead of present agricultural system that is being said unsustainable in long run due to its overdependence on non-renewable source of energy and nutrients. Its ultimate goal is to establish an environmentally, economically and socially responsible farming system. It is also termed a .$B!F.(Bparadigm shift.$B!G.(B (Lasley et al., 1993) in development policy. Environmental stewardship and equity issues were considered as the development philosophies of this alternate agriculture. Stewardship philosophy demands a careful use of land in order to pass it intact to the future generation. It is now accepted that sustainability is both a philosophy and movement of a new development paradigm to replace the conventional development which is materialistic and anthropocentric in nature. It possesses both temporal and spatial consideration in its development objectives.

An achievable alternative development to avoid environmental degradation

Sustainability in agriculture is achievable by adopting alternative farming practices to replace present industrial mono-culture farming. As suggested by the journal name itself a quite large number of studies dealt with the alternative farming practices that are considered sustainable over the conventional farming practices. Replacement of current chemical technology in farming with a biological technology is a necessity condition for the sustainability. Sustainability prefers crop diversification instead of prevailing commercial monoculture farming and it can be achieved by adopting cropping practices such as: multi-cropping, crop rotations, cover crops and strip cropping. A score of work discussed necessity of sustainable agriculture to avoid negative impacts to the natural resources caused by the conventional agriculture by implementing the alternative farming practices.

Sustainability is increasingly seen as a means of correction to environmental degradation imposed by the conventional agriculture on natural resources. It promotes alternative cropping practices for the control of many natural resources degradation issues raised by the conventional farming practice. An alternative farming technology and management having natural means of prevention is to be envisaged for the pest and weed control for the sustainability.

Establishing stable farming communities through on-farm resource management

Importance of natural resources management for sustainability is stressed in many articles. Replacement of synthetic farm input by the farm produced inputs as a way to achieve sustainability. A quite good numbers of studies including Francis et al. (1986) and Dicks (1992) discussed integration of livestock and crop production as a sustainable way for the on-farm resource management. Lowrance (1991) defined a farm being an independent economic entity as the micro economic sustainability and a viable national production system over time as the macro economic sustainability. Many articles linked farm viability with the acceptable level of crop yield, and food sufficiency, and family managed farm as the core of sustainability.

For the sustainability it is essential to have a renewable source of nutrient and that should be achieved through the crop diversification and integration with the husbandry. Sustainability has more than the local perspective for the natural resources management. To keep global ecosystem intact, sustainability considers preservation and use of natural resources not merely a local but a subject of different spatial level. An initiative is shouted for the promotion of renewable sources of energy and nutrient to discourage dependence on off-farm industrial inputs in farming. A sustained level of production and profit from the farming in both at farm and national level is essential for the sustainability. An organic farming manageable by own resource of a farm family is seen sustainable in long run but may temporarily requires some policy intervention to allow it to compete with commercial farming.

Agronomic sustainability at farm level is well characterized and relatively large numbers of studies focused on its implementation as well. Although included in sustainability goals, it is observed that same level of coverage is lacking in case of other spatial levels. Hence, the sustainability characterization at higher spatial level namely regional and global may be the subjects for the future researches.

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